Mechanism of action of pre-meal consumption of whey protein on glycemic control in young adults

Akhavan, Tina; Luhovyy, Bohdan L.; Panahi, Shirin; Kubant, Ruslan; Brown, Peter H.; Anderson, G. Harvey

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.08.012

Cited by 115 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Milk proteins have been extensively investigated for their insulinotropic and glucose-lowering effects in healthy subjects (73,75,82,83,(90)(91)(92)(93)(94)(95)(96)(97)(98)(99) and to a limited extent in individuals with suboptimal glucose control (100)(101)(102)(103)(104)(105)(106) . The dose varied significantly between studies from as little as 10 g (92,105,106) -51 g (91) .…”

Section: Short-term Studies On Glycaemic Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dose varied significantly between studies from as little as 10 g (92,105,106) -51 g (91) . Milk proteins were administered on their own or with a meal or even served as pre-meals.…”

Section: Short-term Studies On Glycaemic Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, in another metabolic study conducted in human subjects, cheese (casein) appeared to induce lowering of urinary citrate (122) , which suggests that cheese consumption affects the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Additionally, microbiota-related metabolite, hippuric acid was significantly higher in the cheese group, than in the milk, implying (82) Healthy (n 9) 180 min WP (48 g) Casein ↑GLP-1 Veldhorst et al (83) Healthy (n 25) 180 min WP (10 and 25 %) Casein, soya ↑GLP-1 Petersen et al (90) Healthy (n 10) 120 min WP (20 g) Glucose ↓Glucose response Pal and Ellis (91) Healthy men (n 22) 240 min WP (50·8 g) Turkey, egg, tuna ↓Glucose response, ↑Insulin response Akhavan et al (92) Healthy (n 10) 230 min WP as pre-meal (10-20 g)…”

Section: Long-term Studies On Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can milk proteins be a useful tool in the management of cardiometabolic health? An updated review of human intervention trials

2016

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The prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases is a significant public health burden worldwide. Emerging evidence supports the inverse association between greater dairy consumption and reduced risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Dairy proteins may have an important role in the favourable impact of dairy on human health such as blood pressure (BP), blood lipid and glucose control. The purpose of this review is to update and critically evaluate the evidence on the impacts of casein and whey protein in relation to metabolic function. Evidence from short-term clinical studies assessing postprandial responses to milk protein ingestion suggests benefits on vascular function independent of BP, as well as improvement in glycaemic homeostasis. Long-term interventions have been less conclusive, with some showing benefits and others indicating a lack of improvement in vascular function. During chronic consumption BP appears to be lowered and both dyslipidaemia and hyperglacaemia seem to be controlled. Limited number of trials investigated the effects of dairy proteins on oxidative stress and inflammation. Although the underlying mechanisms of milk proteins on cardiometabolic homeostasis remains to be elucidated, the most likely mechanism is to improve insulin resistance. The incorporation of meals enriched with dairy protein in the habitual diet may result in the beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health. Nevertheless, future well-designed, controlled studies are needed to investigate the relative effects of both casein and whey protein on BP, vascular function, glucose homeostasis and inflammation.

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Section: Short-term Studies On Glycaemic Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dose varied significantly between studies from as little as 10 g (92,105,106) -51 g (91) . Milk proteins were administered on their own or with a meal or even served as pre-meals.…”

Section: Short-term Studies On Glycaemic Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Long-term Studies On Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can milk proteins be a useful tool in the management of cardiometabolic health? An updated review of human intervention trials

2016

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“…We found no significant differences in glycemic responses between the trials involving nonfat milk and those with the control drink that included the same amount of protein. These results confirm previous findings that at least some of the beneficial effects of milk on glycemic responses can be attributed to its protein quantity (Akhavan et al., 2010, 2014; Ballard et al., 2013; Elwood et al., 2010; Fekete et al., 2016; Gannon et al., 1992; Jakubowicz et al., 2014; Manders et al., 2014). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whey protein is more quickly digested and absorbed than casein protein causing it to appear in the bloodstream sooner. Whey protein ingestion reduces postprandial hyperglycemia without increases in C‐peptide release or insulin concentrations suggesting that whey may affect glucose clearance by stimulating insulin‐independent mechanisms (Akhavan et al., 2010, 2014). In spite of this, we observed improvements in the early phase of the OGTT in the highest tertile of android obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonfat milk attenuates acute hyperglycemia in individuals with android obesity: A randomized control trial

Leary

Roy

Lim

et al. 2018

Food Science & Nutrition

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BackgroundElevated android body fat increases the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases. Postprandial hyperglycemia contributes to the proatherogenic metabolic state evident in android adiposity. Due to the insulinotropic effect of milk‐derived proteins, postprandial hyperglycemia has been shown to be reduced with the addition of dairy products. The purpose of this study was to determine whether one serving of nonfat milk added to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) could attenuate postprandial hyperglycemia in individuals with elevated android adiposity and whether these improvements would be associated with metabolic and/or peripheral hemodynamic effects.MethodsIn this placebo‐controlled, randomized, crossover experimental study, 29 overweight/obese adults (26 ± 1 year) consumed an OGTT beverage (75 g glucose) combined with either nonfat milk (227 g) or a placebo control (12 g lactose + 8 g protein + 207 g water) that was matched for both carbohydrate and protein quantities.ResultsIn the whole sample, blood glucose and insulin concentrations increased over time in both trials with no significant differences between trials. Relative increases in peak blood glucose response were significantly related to android body fat (p < 0.05). The subjects in the highest tertiles of android body fat displayed attenuated hyperglycemic responses as well as improvements in flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) after milk intake.ConclusionsA single serving of nonfat milk may attenuate acute hyperglycemia in individuals with elevated android body fat offering a simple and convenient option for managing elevations in blood glucose.

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Milk in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes: The potential role of milk proteins

Hidayat

Shi

2019

Diabetes Metabolism Res

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Globally, diabetes mellitus is not only considered a leading cause of mortality and morbidities but has also created a substantial economic burden. There is growing evidence that foods and their components can be implemented in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Increased dairy consumption has been linked to a lower risk of T2DM. The protective role of dairy foods in the development of T2DM is thought to be largely attributable to dairy nutrients, one of them being dairy protein. There is considerable evidence that milk proteins increase the postprandial insulin response and lower the postprandial blood glucose response in both healthy subjects and patients with T2DM. The exact mechanisms by which milk proteins lower postprandial glucose levels are yet to established; however, the amino acids and bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins are thought to modify a physiological milieu, which includes delayed gastric emptying and the enhancement of incretin and insulin responses, consequently leading to lower postprandial glucose levels. The present review will focus on providing a clear presentation of the potential implementation of milk proteins as a dietary supplement in the prevention and management of T2DM by summarizing the relevant supporting evidence for this particular topic.

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Mechanism of action of pre-meal consumption of whey protein on glycemic control in young adults

Cited by 115 publications

References 36 publications

Can milk proteins be a useful tool in the management of cardiometabolic health? An updated review of human intervention trials

Can milk proteins be a useful tool in the management of cardiometabolic health? An updated review of human intervention trials

Nonfat milk attenuates acute hyperglycemia in individuals with android obesity: A randomized control trial

Milk in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes: The potential role of milk proteins

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