Mechanism of afterdrop after cold water immersion

Romet, T. T.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1988.65.4.1535

Cited by 54 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Although this "afterdrop" is a common Wnding after cold immersion and can be explained by physical models (Romet 1988;Webb 1986), it is noteworthy that the MSinduced decrease in core temperature persisted throughout the 45-min post-immersion period even in the absence of the optokinetic stimulus or of any subjective sensation of MS. Despite increased input from cold receptors in the body core, peripheral vasoconstriction tended (P = 0.09) to remain attenuated during the postimmersion period in the MS-trial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motion sickness increases the risk of accidental hypothermia

et al. 2006

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Motion sickness (MS) has been found to increase body-core cooling during immersion in 28 degrees C water, an effect ascribed to attenuation of the cold-induced peripheral vasoconstriction (Mekjavic et al. in J Physiol 535(2):619-623, 2001). The present study tested the hypothesis that a more profound cold stimulus would override the MS effect on peripheral vasoconstriction and hence on the core cooling rate. Eleven healthy subjects underwent two separate head-out immersions in 15 degrees C water. In the control trial (CN), subjects were immersed after baseline measurements. In the MS-trial, subjects were rendered motion sick prior to immersion, by using a rotating chair in combination with a regimen of standardized head movements. During immersion in the MS-trial, subjects were exposed to an optokinetic stimulus (rotating drum). At 5-min intervals subjects rated their temperature perception, thermal comfort and MS discomfort. During immersion mean skin temperature, rectal temperature, the difference in temperature between the non-immersed right forearm and 3rd finger of the right hand (DeltaTff), oxygen uptake and heart rate were recorded. In the MS-trial, rectal temperature decreased substantially faster (33%, P < 0.01). Also, the DeltaTff response, an index of peripheral vasomotor tone, as well as the oxygen uptake, indicative of the shivering response, were significantly attenuated (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) by MS. Thus, MS may predispose individuals to hypothermia by enhancing heat loss and attenuating heat production. This might have significant implications for survival in maritime accidents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motion sickness increases the risk of accidental hypothermia

et al. 2006

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“…Vaile et al (2008a) and Proulx et al (2006) reported that rectal temperature continued to decrease in the 15-30 min following CWI, attributed to a combination of convective and conductive heat loss (Romet 1988). In the present study, the same mechanisms may have caused CWT to decrease core temperature by a greater magnitude than in the control trial; however, this was not observed until at least 90 min post-exercise bout one.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of contrast water therapy duration on recovery of cycling performance: a dose–response study

2010

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This study investigated whether contrast water therapy (CWT) has a dose-response effect on recovery from high-intensity cycling. Eleven trained male cyclists completed four trials, each commencing with a 75-min cycling protocol containing six sets of five 15-s sprints and three 5-min time-trials in thermoneutral conditions. Ten minutes post-exercise, participants performed one of four recovery protocols: CWT for 6 min (CWT6), 12 min (CWT12), or 18 min (CWT18) duration, or a seated rest control trial. The CWT commenced in hot water (38.4 ± 0.6°C) and alternated between hot and cold water (14.6 ± 0.3°C) every minute with a 5-s changeover. The cycling protocol was repeated 2 h after completion of exercise bout one. Prior to exercise bout two, core temperature was lower in CWT12 (-0.19 ± 0.14°C, mean ± 90% CL) and CWT18 (-0.21 ± 0.10°C) than control. Compared with control, CWT6 substantially improved time-trial (1.5 ± 2.1%) and sprint performance (3.0 ± 3.1%), and CWT12 substantially improved sprint total work (4.3 ± 3.4%) and peak power (2.7 ± 3.8%) in exercise bout two. All CWT conditions generally improved thermal sensation, whole body fatigue and muscle soreness compared with control, but no differences existed between conditions in heart rate or rating of perceived exertion. In conclusion, CWT duration did not have a dose-response effect on recovery from high-intensity cycling; however, CWT for up to 12 min assisted recovery of cycling performance.

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“…Interestingly, at the completion of precooling, T gi had decreased by approximately 0.25°C (non-significant), a similar decline to that observed by Ross et al 8 Mean skin temperature was significantly lower compared to CON at the conclusion of precooling until the completion of passive rest, however T gi was only significantly lower 20 and 30 minutes postcooling. The afterdrop in T gi that occurs when the body's periphery is cooled, 25 may not have been as pronounced with ST due to a lesser reduction in T sk as a result of a smaller thermal gradient between the skin and towels, compared to CWI. In addition, the towels only partially covered body surface area, thus limiting cooling potential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and perceptual effects of precooling in wheelchair basketball athletes

Forsyth

Pumpa

Knight³

et al. 2016

The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine

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Objective: To investigate the physiological and perceptual effects of three precooling strategies during preexercise rest in athletes with a spinal cord injury (SCI). Design: Randomized, counterbalanced. Participants were precooled, then rested for 60 minutes (22.7 ± 0.2°C, 64.2 ± 2.6%RH). Setting: National Wheelchair Basketball Training Centre, Australia. Participants: Sixteen wheelchair basketball athletes with a SCI. Interventions: Participants were precooled through; 1) 10 minutes of 15.8°C cold water immersion (CWI), 2) ingestion of 6.8 g/kg −1 of slushie (S) from sports drink; 3) ingestion of 6.8 g/kg −1 of slushie with application of iced towels to the legs, torso and back/arms (ST); or 4) ingestion of 6.8 g/kg −1 of room temperature (22.3°C) sports drink (CON). Outcome measures: Core temperature (T gi ), skin temperature (T sk ), heart rate (HR), and thermal and gastrointestinal comfort. Results: Following CWI, a significant reduction in T gi was observed compared to CON, with a greatest reduction of 1.58°C occurring 40 minutes post-cooling (95% CI [1.07, 2.10]). A significant reduction in T gi following ST compared to CON was also observed at 20 minutes (0.56°C; [0.03, 1.09]) and 30 minutes (0.56°C; [0.04, 1.09]) post-cooling. Additionally, a significant interaction between impairment level and time was observed for T gi and HR, demonstrating athletes with a higher level of impairment experienced a greater reduction in HR and significant decrease in rate of decline in T gi , compared to lesser impaired athletes. Conclusion: CWI and ST can effectively lower body temperature in athletes with a SCI, and may assist in tolerating warm conditions.

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Mechanism of afterdrop after cold water immersion

Cited by 54 publications

References 0 publications

Motion sickness increases the risk of accidental hypothermia

Motion sickness increases the risk of accidental hypothermia

Effect of contrast water therapy duration on recovery of cycling performance: a dose–response study

Physiological and perceptual effects of precooling in wheelchair basketball athletes

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