Mechanism of Anti-Implantation Action of Clomiphene

Prasad, M. R. N.; Kalra, Sarathi

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0130059

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Implantation is the critical phase in the ontogeny of eutherian mammals involving regulated and co-ordinated changes in the ovary, uterus with its internal milieu and blastocyst in a sequential order by synergistic action of ovarian estrogen and progesterone [15][16][17] . The results obtained in the present study suggest that treatment with 36 mg mancozeb for 8 days of pregnancy seems to be an effective dose as none of the mated mice were pregnant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-implantation Effect of a Carbamate Fungicide Mancozeb in Albino Mice.

Bindali¹,

Kaliwal²

2002

INDUSTRIAL HEALTH

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Mancozeb, an organocarbamate fungicide, was administered to examine the effect on implantation at doses of 18, 24, 30 and 36 mg/kg body weight/d to normal virgin swiss albino mice for 8 days to pregnant mice. The vaginal smear and body weight of the mice were recorded daily and mice were sacrificed on 9th day of pregnancy. There was a complete inhibition of implantation in 36 mg mancozeb treated mice with 100% pre-implantation loss. There was a partial inhibition of implantation in 24 and 30 mg mancozeb treated mice with 53.44 and 90.16% pre-implantation loss respectively. However, implantation was not affected in 18 mg mancozeb treated mice with 4.92% pre-implantation loss when compared to oil treated controls. To study the temporal effect, the effective dose of 36 mg/kg body weight/d mancozeb was administered orally for 3 and 5 days and on day 3 only. There was a complete inhibition of implantation in 5 days treated mice with 100% pre-implantation loss and partial inhibition of implantation of 3 days treated mice with 75% pre-implantation loss. However, implantation was not affected in mice treated on day 3 only with 1.63% pre-implantation loss when compared to control mice. There was a significant decrease in the diestrus phase with the result there was a concomitant increase in the estrus phase and there was a significant decrease in the uterus weight with 24, 30 and 36 mg and for 3 and 5 days with 36 mg mancozeb treatment. Inhibition of implantation by mancozeb may be due to hormonal imbalance or its toxic effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-implantation Effect of a Carbamate Fungicide Mancozeb in Albino Mice.

Bindali¹,

Kaliwal²

2002

INDUSTRIAL HEALTH

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“…Implantation is a critical phase in the ontogeny of eutherian mammals, involving regulated co-ordinated changes in the uterus, uterine fluids and the blastocyst in sequential order by synergistic action of estrogen and progesterone (Prasad and Kalra 1967). Inhibition of implantation by chemicals and hormones may be due to their blastotoxic effect, expulsion of blastocyst, antihistaminic reaction, delayed transportation of the blastocyst into the uterus, imbalance in the progesterone-estrogen ratio or cessation of estrogen surge on day 3 or 4 of pregnancy in rats (Cochrane and Meyer 1957;Shelesnyak et a11963;Chang and Yanagimachi 1965;Prasad et aI1965).…”

Section: Ovarian Weightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been noted that any imbalance in the progesterone-estrogen ratio inhibits implantation in rats (Cochrane and Meyer 1957). Administration of antiestrogenic compounds or high dose of estrogens inhibits or delays implantations in rats (Cochrane and Meyer 1957;Chang and Yanagimachi 1965;Prasad and Kalra 1967). Many plant material or seed extracts are known to have estrogenic or antifertility activities (Kholkute and Udupa 1976;Sharma et al 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implantation delay and nidation by progesterone in carrot seed (Daucus carota) extract treated albino rats

Kaliwal

Ahamed

Rao

1986

Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Anim. Sci.)

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In the present study the effect of petroleum ether extract of carrot seeds and progesterone on implantation have been investigated. 0.0 mil 100 g body weight of carrot seed extract was administered subcutaneously from days 1-7 of pregnancy and laparatomized on day 8. No implantation sites were observed. Thereafter graded doses of progesterone 2, 4 or 8 mg/IOOg body weight was administered up to day 15 and autopsied on day 16. Two mg of progesterone did not show any effect. However, 4 mg of progesterone treated rats had smaller implantation sites compared to the controls whereas, 8 mg of progesterone was most effective with the result that in almost all the rats, delayed implantation was observed.

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“…However, the addition of oestrogen was not found to increase the capacity of progesterone to maintain pregnancy (Allen 1937). Some later workers have reported that progesterone alone is able to replace ovarian function at implantation and in maintaining pregnancy (Chang 1951;Wu and Allen 1959;Prasad and Kalra 1967;Denker 1972), while others have suggested that oestradiol as well as progesterone is necessary if, variously, normal implantation, gestation and birth are to occur (Chambon 1949;Kehl and Chambon 1949;Hafez and Pincus 1956;Hilliard and Eaton 1971;Arthur and Daniel 1972;Horrell et al 1972). Wu and Allen (1959) decided that, since 17oc-hydroxyprogesterone caproate maintains pregnancy quite well, progesterone itself might be too short-acting unless given more than once per day, and they did in fact achieve some success with divided injections, but in very small numbers of animals (three or four per group).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal Requirements for Implantation and Pregnancy in the Ovariectomized Rabbit

Kwun¹,

Emmens²

1974

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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After induced ovulation and insemination on day 1, followed by ovariectomy on day 2, a schedule of 1 mg of progesterone in two injections in oil per day on days 2-4 inclusive followed by 2 or 3 mg per day on days 5-9 inclusive was found to induce implantation in the majority of ovariectomized rabbits. Implantation percentages (102 x total no. of implants on day 10 -;-no. of corpora lutea) in different groups of 8-11 rabbits varied between 24 and 61 %; sham-operated and vehicle-injected controls gave overall significantly higher percentages of 57-79%. The addition of 0·1--0·5 p-g of 3,17f3-oestradiol to experimental groups at various times during these procedures resulted in implantation percentages of 49-63 %, but did not consistently improve them.The only seemingly consistent effect of oestrogen was on implantation maintenance from day 10 onwards in does with surviving foetuses. These showed 5·1 implants/doe on day 10 and 2·8 foetuses/ doe on day 30 with progesterone alone, and 5·2 implants/doe on day 10 and 3·7 foetuses/doe on day 30 (a significant difference) with added oestradiol, as against 6·0 implants/doe and 3·8 foetuses/doe on days 10 and 30 respectively in control animals.Since the adrenal glands may contribute sufficient steroids, particularly oestrogens, to affect conclusions, rabbits both ovariectomized and adrenalectomized were subjected to similar tests in comparison with sham-operated controls. No effects of adrenalectomy or of added oestrogen were apparent, and the results were otherwise similar to those above.Overall, these findings demonstrate difficulties in producing consistent results and go far towards explaining the contradictory literature that has grown up on this subject.

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Mechanism of Anti-Implantation Action of Clomiphene

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Anti-implantation Effect of a Carbamate Fungicide Mancozeb in Albino Mice.

Anti-implantation Effect of a Carbamate Fungicide Mancozeb in Albino Mice.

Implantation delay and nidation by progesterone in carrot seed (Daucus carota) extract treated albino rats

Hormonal Requirements for Implantation and Pregnancy in the Ovariectomized Rabbit

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