Mechanism of brown-rot decay: Paradigm or paradox

Green, Frederick; Highley, Terry L.

doi:10.1016/s0964-8305(96)00063-7

Cited by 194 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Differences between species have also been reported, which support the theory of the repeated evolution of brown rot fungi from white rot fungi (Green and Highley 1996;Hibbett and Donoghue 2001;Niemenmaa et al 2008;Kang et al 2009). …”

Section: Degradation Of Wood By Brown Rotsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Different mechanisms may apply to white rot fungi. The mechanisms of fungal degradation are known to be species specific (Green and Highley 1996;Niemenmaa et al 2008;Kang et al 2009) as well as dependent on the growth medium and wood species attacked (Tomberg and Olsson 2002;Vanden Wymelenberg et al 2011). The multitude of wood modification methods and the different methods for evaluating fungal decay also aggravates a comparative evaluation and general conclusions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mode of action of brown rot decay resistance in modified wood: a review

Pilgård²,

et al. 2013

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Chemically or physically modified wood materials have enhanced resistance to wood decay fungi. In contrast to treatments with traditional wood preservatives, where the resistance is caused mainly by the toxicity of the chemicals added, little is known about the mode of action of nontoxic wood modification methods. This study reviews established theories related to resistance in acetylated, furfurylated, dimethylol dihydroxyethyleneurea-treated, and thermally modified wood. The main conclusion is that only one theory provides a consistent explanation for the initial inhibition of brown rot degradation in modified wood, that is, moisture exclusion via the reduction of cell wall voids. Other proposed mechanisms, such as enzyme nonrecognition, micropore blocking, and reducing the number of free hydroxyl groups, may reduce the degradation rate when cell wall water uptake is no longer impeded.

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Section: Degradation Of Wood By Brown Rotsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode of action of brown rot decay resistance in modified wood: a review

Pilgård²,

et al. 2013

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“…Degradation of cellulose and lignin is the consequence of hydroxyl radical attack, which is generated through the Fenton reaction. The initial stages of brown-rot fungal decay involve oxidative degradation (Green and Highley 1997;Highley and Dashek 1998). Fitzgerald (2005) demonstrated that the total mean MIC for structure-function analysis gives a good indication of the overall antimicrobial effectiveness resulting from specific sensitivity or resistance exhibited by an individual organism to certain compounds.…”

Section: Antifungal Activity Of Cadinane-type Sesquiterpene and Its Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure-activity relationships of cadinane-type sesquiterpene derivatives against wood-decay fungi

Chien

Wang

et al. 2005

Holzforschung

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Cadinane-type sesquiterpenes have a wide spectrum of biological activity, but their use as wood preservatives and the structure-activity relationships of their derivatives have not yet been reported. A total of 13 compounds were synthesized from T-cadinol, T-muurolol, and a-cadinol and their chemical structures were confirmed by IR, MS, and 1 H and 13 C NMR. The antifungal properties of 16 compounds against three wood-decay fungi were evaluated in vitro. a-Cadinol showed strong antifungal activity against Lenzites betulina, Trametes versicolor, and Laetiporus sulphureus (total mean IC 50 0.10 mM). Among the derivatives synthesized, 3b-ethoxy-T-muurolol (0.24 mM), 4jH-cadinan-10b-ol (0.25 mM), 4jH-muurolan-10b-ol (0.29 mM), and 4jH-cadinan-10a-ol (0.25 mM) showed good antifungal activity against all fungi tested. Correlation was observed between the antifungal activity of the compounds tested and log P. Furthermore, the presence of an unsaturated double bond and oxygen-containing functional groups in the compounds plays a key role in their antifungal activity. The stereo configuration of cadinane-type sesquiterpenes also influences their antifungal activity. Understanding how the structure of natural compounds relates to their antifungal function is important and may facilitate their application as novel wood preservatives.

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“…It was demonstrated that white rot decay led to a much higher increase in the cell wall pore diameter than brown rot decay did at the same mass loss (ML) level (Flournoy et al 1991(Flournoy et al , 1993. This specific decay pattern and the absence of exo-β-glucanases in several brown rot fungi (Highley and Dashek 1998) led to the conclusion that diffusion of low molecular weight (MW low ) agents might cause oxidative degradation of polysaccharides, resulting in strength loss prior to ML (Green et al 1991;Winandy and Morrell 1993;Green and Highley 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can thus reach the non-crystalline regions of cellulose and cleave the glucan chains, which results in tensile strength loss (Green et al 1991;Kleman-Leyer et al 1992;Green and Highley 1997). According to the mechanism described by Fenton (1894), a redox reaction proceeds between hydrogen peroxide and ferrous ions, resulting in highly oxidative hydroxyl radicals with a redox potential of +2180 mV for the oneelectron reduction to water (Koppenol and Liebman 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of chemically modified Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) with Fenton reagent

Xie¹,

Xiao²,

Mai

2014

Holzforschung

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Abstract:The Fenton reaction is supposed to play a key role in the initial wood degradation by brown rot fungi. Wood was modified with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and glutaraldehyde (GA) to various weight percentage gains in order to study if these types of modifications are able to reduce wood degradation by Fenton reagent. Veneers modified with higher concentrations (1.2 and 2.0 mol l -1 ) of both chemicals exhibited minor losses in mass and tensile strength during treatment with Fenton reagent, which shows restrained oxidative degradation by hydroxyl radicals. The decomposition rate of H 2 O 2 was lower in the Fenton solutions containing modified veneers than in those containing unmodified controls. More CO 2 evolved in systems containing unmodified veneers than in systems with modified veneers, indicating that modification protected wood from mineralisation. The reason for the enhanced resistance of modified wood to the Fenton reaction is attributed to impeded diffusion of the reagent into the cell wall rather than to inhibition of the Fenton reaction itself. The results show that wood modification with DMDHEU and GA is able to restrain the degradation of wood by the Fenton reaction and can explain why modified wood is more resistant to brown rot decay.

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Mechanism of brown-rot decay: Paradigm or paradox

Cited by 194 publications

References 32 publications

Mode of action of brown rot decay resistance in modified wood: a review

Mode of action of brown rot decay resistance in modified wood: a review

Structure-activity relationships of cadinane-type sesquiterpene derivatives against wood-decay fungi

Degradation of chemically modified Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) with Fenton reagent

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