Mechanism of cholesterol exchange between phospholipid vesicles

Backer, Jonathan M.; Dawidowicz, Eliezar A.

doi:10.1021/bi00516a021

Cited by 113 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…It has been demonstrated clearly that specific lipoprotein receptors on cell surfaces may facilitate and regulate the formation of collisional complexes (Goldstein and Brown, 1977). On the other hand, there is increasing evidence that receptor-independent transfer of lipids may, in part, involve the diffusion of lipid into the aqueous phase (Charlton et al, 1976;Charlton et al, 1978;Kao et al, 1977;Backer and Dawidowicz, 1978). In the present experiments, cholesterol in concentrations up to 10 M appeared to be stable in the aqueous phase, suggesting that saturation was reached at approximately that concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitization of isolated canine coronary arteries to calcium ions after exposure to cholesterol.

Yokoyama¹,

Henry²

1979

Circulation Research

103

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The abundance of membrane cholesterol is an important determinant of the functional properties of biomembranes. To determine whether arterial smooth muscle acquires altered contractile properties in a high cholesterol environment, isolated canine coronary arteries were exposed to cholesterol in stable aqueous solution. Cholesterol, 10(-12) to 10(-10) M, was an efficacious vasoconstrictor, as maximum contractions equaled those obtained with 15 mM KCl. Antiadrenergic interventions, including chemical sympathectomy in vivo with 6-hydroxydopamine and alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade with phentolamine and L-propranolol (both 10(-6 M), did not significantly attenuate the contractions. However, responses to cholesterol were abolished completely by (+/-)-verapamil (10(-6) M). Cholesterol in picomolar concentration enhanced the constrictor effects of CaCl2 and KCl, both in the presence and absence of alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade. Increases in tone in response to graded elevations in the CaCl2 concentration (0-2 mM) were augmented up to 1.5-fold by 10(-12) M cholesterol (P less than 0.01). Results indicate that cholesterol sensitizes isolated coronary arteries to external Ca2+ by a nonadrenergic mechanism. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that acquisition of membrane cholesterol may alter the contractile properties of coronary arterial smooth muscle, a phenomenon that could play a role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic heart disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitization of isolated canine coronary arteries to calcium ions after exposure to cholesterol.

Yokoyama¹,

Henry²

1979

Circulation Research

103

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“…14 Perhaps most dramatic was the observation that cholesterol could transfer between two vesicle populations separated by a membrane impermeable to the vesicles. 15 The latter transfer was very slow. Transfer can be enhanced significantly by collision of donor and acceptor membranes.…”

Section: Cholesterol Movement Between Membranesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cholesterol and Related Sterols

Yèagle

2016

The Membranes of Cells

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“…In disordered bilayers, cholesterol rapidly moves from one bilayer leaflet to the other (flip-flop) 188 , fully exploiting the orientational and translational freedom afforded in both leaflets. The flip-flop rate has been observed experimentally, giving a half-life of approximately 1 minute in a given leaflet 97,189 . Recent MD simulations showed rapid cholesterol flip-flop in membranes that mimic the composition of biological membranes, and confirmed that the flip-flop rate is much higher in the Ld phase than in the Lo phase 156,190 .…”

Section: Cholesterol Flip-flopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral organization, bilayer asymmetry, and inter-leaflet coupling of biological membranes

Nickels

Smith

Cheng

2015

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids

108

115

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Understanding of cell membrane organization has evolved significantly from the classic fluid mosaic model. It is now recognized that biological membranes are highly organized structures, with differences in lipid compositions between inner and outer leaflets and in lateral structures within the bilayer plane, known as lipid rafts. These organizing principles are important for protein localization and function as well as cellular signaling. However, the mechanisms and biophysical basis of lipid raft formation, structure, dynamics and function are not clearly understood. One key question, which we focus on in this review, is how lateral organization and leaflet compositional asymmetry are coupled. Detailed information elucidating this question has been sparse because of the small size and transient nature of rafts and the experimental challenges in constructing asymmetric bilayers. Resolving this mystery will require advances in both experimentation and modeling. We discuss here the preparation of model systems along with experimental and computational approaches that have been applied in efforts to address this key question in membrane biology. We seek to place recent and future advances in experimental and computational techniques in context, providing insight into in-plane and transverse organization of biological membranes.

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Mechanism of cholesterol exchange between phospholipid vesicles

Cited by 113 publications

References 37 publications

Sensitization of isolated canine coronary arteries to calcium ions after exposure to cholesterol.

Sensitization of isolated canine coronary arteries to calcium ions after exposure to cholesterol.

Cholesterol and Related Sterols

Lateral organization, bilayer asymmetry, and inter-leaflet coupling of biological membranes

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