Mechanism of Coup and Contrecoup Injuries Induced by a Knock-Out Punch

Toma, Milan; Chan-Akeley, Rosalyn; Lipari, Christopher; Kuo, Sheng‐Han

doi:10.3390/mca25020022

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…FSI simulations using SPH are used to demonstrate and to study the cushioning effect of cerebrospinal fluid [ 58 , 59 , 60 ] and the mechanism of brain injuries induced by an outside loading factor [ 4 , 61 , 62 , 63 ]. In the context of disease diagnosis and management, these models are able to assess the risk of developing neurological complications, such as hemorrhage, following treatment in addition to explaining the possible pathophysiology behind the condition itself [ 64 ].…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid–Structure Interaction Analyses of Biological Systems Using Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics

Toma

Chan-Akeley

Arias

et al. 2021

Biology

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Due to the inherent complexity of biological applications that more often than not include fluids and structures interacting together, the development of computational fluid–structure interaction models is necessary to achieve a quantitative understanding of their structure and function in both health and disease. The functions of biological structures usually include their interactions with the surrounding fluids. Hence, we contend that the use of fluid–structure interaction models in computational studies of biological systems is practical, if not necessary. The ultimate goal is to develop computational models to predict human biological processes. These models are meant to guide us through the multitude of possible diseases affecting our organs and lead to more effective methods for disease diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapy. This review paper summarizes computational models that use smoothed-particle hydrodynamics to simulate the fluid–structure interactions in complex biological systems.

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid–Structure Interaction Analyses of Biological Systems Using Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics

Toma

Chan-Akeley

Arias

et al. 2021

Biology

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“…2). This coup and contrecoup behaviour can be explained as the brain is suspended inside the skull in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) [35,36]. However, the CSF usually does not provide enough cushioning for high energy impacts [37].…”

Section: Design and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Virtual Testing of American Football Helmets–A Review

Dymek

Ptak

Fernandes

2021

Arch Computat Methods Eng

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This paper aims to review the recent progress in the research carried out by scientists worldwide regarding American Footballers' head injuries and head protective equipment, focusing on the role of computation methods, mainly finite element method application to American Football helmet design and testing as well as head injury biomechanics. The helmet technology has been constantly improved, and it is driven by market competition, medical records, coaches and athletes' self-awareness. With finite element analysis and computational resources development, it is possible to develop more accurate brain models to recreate American Footballers' head impacts. This method seems to be an excellent simulation tool to verify the helmet's ability to absorb energy and enable the researchers to have an insight into head kinematics and tissue-level injuries. The work is focused on head injuries in American Football as the sport becomes more popular across the globe. Additionally, a reference to the development and newest technology is presented. The review's proposed approach gathers studies presented within the last decade regarding the coupling of finite element brain models with helmets in standardised or on-field conditions. The synthesis of the existing state of the art may enhance the researchers to continue investigating the athlete's trauma and improve the protective gear technology to minimise head injuries. The authors presented numerous studies regarding concussions and the newest findings from the last decade, including Finite Element Head models (FEHm) with American Football helmet simulations. All the studies were searched through Google Scholar, Scopus and ResearchGate databases.

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“…Therefore, three-dimensional modeling might be useful to demonstrate qualitative and quantitative effects of mouthguard usage, since it enables the prediction of stresses/strains and their distribution during a traumatic (sport) impact [ 6 , 7 ]. Finite element analysis (FEA) is one of the most adequate methodologies to evaluate the impact on the skull, under controlled conditions and without harming any patient or animal [ 20 , 21 ]. The aim of this study was to analyze the biomechanical effects of wearing a conventional custom mouthguard (MG) and the novel hybrid occlusal splint-mouthguard (HMG) on the mechanical responses of the teeth, bone, and the device itself, when subjected to compressive occlusal loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Behavior Evaluation of a Novel Hybrid Occlusal Splint-Mouthguard for Contact Sports: 3D-FEA

2021

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Background: Orofacial injuries are common occurrences during contact sports activities. However, there is an absence of data regarding the performance of hybrid occlusal splint mouthguards (HMG), especially during compressive loading. This study amid to evaluate the biomechanical effects of wearing a conventional custom mouthguard (MG) or the HMG on the teeth, bone, and the device itself. Methods: To evaluate the total deformation and stress concentration, a skull model was selected and duplicated to receive two different designs of mouthguard device: one model received a MG with 4-mm thickness and the other received a novel HMG with the same thickness. Both models were subdivided into finite elements. The frictionless contacts were used, and a nonlinear analysis was performed simulating the compressive loading in occlusion. Results: The results were presented in von-Mises stress maps (MPa) and total deformation (mm). A higher stress concentration in teeth was observed for the model with the conventional MG, while the HMG design displayed a promising mechanical response with lower stress magnitude. The HMG design displayed a higher magnitude of stress on its occlusal portion (7.05 MPa) than the MG design (6.19 MPa). Conclusion: The hybrid mouthguard (HMG) reduced (1) jaw displacement during chewing and (2) the generated stresses in maxillary and mandibular teeth.

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Mechanism of Coup and Contrecoup Injuries Induced by a Knock-Out Punch

Cited by 16 publications

References 43 publications

Fluid–Structure Interaction Analyses of Biological Systems Using Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics

Fluid–Structure Interaction Analyses of Biological Systems Using Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics

Design and Virtual Testing of American Football Helmets–A Review

Biomechanical Behavior Evaluation of a Novel Hybrid Occlusal Splint-Mouthguard for Contact Sports: 3D-FEA

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