Mechanism of formation of the heaviest pollution episode ever recorded in the Yangtze River Delta, China

Fu, Qingyan; Zhuang, Guoshun; Wang, Jing; Xu, Chang; Huang, Kan; Li, Juan; Han, Bing; Lü, Tao; Streets, David G.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.002

Cited by 289 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

142

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Notably, the mean summed concentration of these ionic species including Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + , Na + , NH 4 + , SO 4 2-, NO 3 -and Cl -was 86.5 ± 32.7 μg/m 3 in PM 10 and 42.0 ± 16.8 μg/m 3 in PM 2.5 (data not showed), respectively. It was comparable to heavy haze episodes with observations in Shanghai, Suzhou and Nanjing (Fu et al, 2008). Moreover, sulfate, nitrate and ammonium were predominant in the amount of total WS ions.…”

Section: Chemical Compositions In Aerosolssupporting

confidence: 57%

Insights into Ammonium Particle-to-Gas Conversion: Non-sulfate Ammonium Coupling with Nitrate and Chloride

Kong

Cheng

et al. 2010

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Significant amounts of ammonia, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid as ammonium particle precursors have been found in urban polluted air. In order to advance understanding the formation and dissociation of ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride, an on-line analyzer for monitoring aerosols and gases in the ambient air was employed to measure the concentrations of sulfate, nitrate and chloride in aerosols as well as related gaseous precursors at one hour resolution. The highest levels of summed hourly-averaged sulfate, nitrate, chloride and ammonium reached up to 177.7 μg/m 3 in PM 10 from 12 to 14 June, and 101.2 μg/m 3 in PM 2.5 from 1 to 3 July, 2009 in Shanghai. Ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride were popular in aerosols with a strong linear correlation between non-sulfate ammonium (ns-NH 4 + ) and nitrate (or nitrate plus chloride). Ammonium equivalent concentration was always less than the sum of sulfate, nitrate and chloride due to ammonium-poor aerosols, whereas the atmosphere was ammonia-rich in gas phase. The ratio of gaseous nitric acid to total nitrate less than that of hydrochloric acid to total chloride both in PM 10 and PM 2.5 indicated that ammonium nitrate was more favored to be formed than ammonium chloride.

show abstract

Section: Chemical Compositions In Aerosolssupporting

confidence: 57%

Insights into Ammonium Particle-to-Gas Conversion: Non-sulfate Ammonium Coupling with Nitrate and Chloride

Kong

Cheng

et al. 2010

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, different research times and areas are likely another factors for these discrepancies. These changes in recent years may result from the large quantities of fine particles or even ultrafine particles, which are the most important contributor to low visibility weather such as haze (Fu et al, 2008;Pan et al, 2010;Huang et al, 2012). Shanghai is intensively influenced by human activity to emit a large amount of carbonaceous and secondary species (sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) that can contribute to the formation of fine particles (< 2.5 µm) (Ye et al, 2003).…”

Section: The Trend Of Climate Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-Annual Variations of Cloud and Precipitation and their Possible Relationships with Surface Aerosols in Shanghai

Zhang

Duan

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions have attracted much more attention for decades, but there still remain many uncertainties in assessing global climate. Long-term ground-based measurements of aerosol, cloud and precipitation in Shanghai were used to examine their inter-annual variations and possible relationships. During 1990-2010, the yearlyaveraged total cloud cover (TCC) and low cloud cover (LCC) decrease on average by 0.58% and 2.49% per year. LCC correlates to surface aerosols (e.g., PM 10 ), with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.67. Aerosol optical depth (AOD), as an indicator of columnar aerosol loading, shows a non-significant correlation with cloud cover. The yearly-aggregated heavy and extreme rain days and their rainfall amount increase gradually. The moderate rain day enhances but its annual rainfall amount declines year by year, while the light rain exhibits an opposite pattern to the moderate rain. These results imply that local aerosols maybe exert somewhat enforcing on low cloud and light rain through possible entrainment or updraft that can bring up surface particles into free troposphere, whereas its influence to total cloud and precipitation is negligible at a small scale. Future studies are needed to ensure whether local aerosols to directly affect low cloud, and to explore how surface aerosols to enter into higher atmospheric layers and impact cloud and precipitation at larger scales.

show abstract

“…4b), offering a suitable condition for regional transport of anthropogenic pollutants from neighboring emission areas. Low ground visibility persisted for about four days from Jan. 16th while a regional haze was recorded at that time (Fu et al 2008). Aerosols stayed at an extremely high level, 420 μg m −3 for PM 10 and 278 μg m −3 for PM 2.5 on the twoday average (Fig.…”

Section: Characteristics and Formation Mechanisms Of Typical Air Pollmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, they are good sites for studying transport contribution. Complete descriptions of the instruments and QC/QA can be found in Fu et al (2008). Surface meteorological data at Hongqiao was analyzed from the weather underground data set (http://www.wunderground.com), including temperature, sea level pressure, relative humidity, ground visibility, wind speed and direction.…”

Section: Dataset and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is proved that mineral dust, originating from desert regions in Northwest China and Mongolia, can be transported under favorable weather conditions, resulting in severe and continuous air pollution in Shanghai Sun et al 2010;Xin et al 2010). More and more regional hazes occur in the YRD, providing strong evidence of regional transport of fine particulate aerosols and gaseous pollutants (Fu et al 2008). Frequent biomass burning in Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces may also worsen the air quality of Shanghai during the harvest time around May and June every year .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impact of Pollutant Transport on the Air Quality of Shanghai in 2007

Yan

Wang

et al. 2011

SOLA

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pollutant transport has a significant impact on the air quality of Shanghai. To quantify this impact, we comprehensively analyze the characteristics and formation mechanisms of air pollution in Shanghai, using a data set covering five selected air quality monitoring sites and a meteorological site. We find air pollution events occur ~10% of the year. These events are classified into three typical categories, namely the local pollution case (LP), the dust storm case (DS) and the regional transport case (RT), based on temporal variations and spatial distributions of PM 10 and gaseous pollutants as well as meteorological factors and backward trajectories. The ratios of SO 2 /PM 10 , NO 2 /PM 10 and PM 2.5 /PM 10 are used as indicators of long-range transport of mineral dust, while CO proves to be a good tracer of regional transport of anthropogenic pollutants. In 2007, 64% of all pollution events were RT and the mean PM 10 concentration reached 220 μg m . We estimate that transport contribution to PM 10 abundance was within the range of 34% to 64% by comparing the anomaly of the background concentration with the urban concentration.

show abstract

Mechanism of formation of the heaviest pollution episode ever recorded in the Yangtze River Delta, China

Cited by 289 publications

References 26 publications

Insights into Ammonium Particle-to-Gas Conversion: Non-sulfate Ammonium Coupling with Nitrate and Chloride

Insights into Ammonium Particle-to-Gas Conversion: Non-sulfate Ammonium Coupling with Nitrate and Chloride

Inter-Annual Variations of Cloud and Precipitation and their Possible Relationships with Surface Aerosols in Shanghai

Impact of Pollutant Transport on the Air Quality of Shanghai in 2007

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About