Mechanism of granulosa cell death during follicular atresia depends on follicular size

Alonso-Pozos, Israel; Rosales‐Torres, Ana María; Ávalos-Rodrı́guez, Alejandro; Vergara‐Onofre, Marcela; Rosado-Garciá, A

doi:10.1016/s0093-691x(03)00123-7

Cited by 53 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…, proliferation processes are activated [48]. All the presented situations are factors promoting enhanced biotransformation depending on energy resources of the organism [49], as well as better explain the cytotoxic properties of DON in the colon [50], which cytotoxicity in small doses is lower [51]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deoxynivalenol in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Immature Gilts under per os Toxin Application

Waśkiewicz

Beszterda

Kostecki

et al. 2014

Toxins

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Deoxynivalenol is also known as vomitoxin due to its impact on livestock through interference with animal growth and acceptance of feed. At the molecular level, deoxynivalenol disrupts normal cell function by inhibiting protein synthesis via binding to the ribosome and by activating critical cellular kinases involved in signal transduction related to proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Because of concerns related to deoxynivalenol, the United States FDA has instituted advisory levels of 5 µg/g for grain products for most animal feeds and 10 µg/g for grain products for cattle feed. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of low doses of deoxynivalenol applied per os on the presence of this mycotoxin in selected tissues of the alimentary canal of gilts. The study was performed on 39 animals divided into two groups (control, C; n = 21 and experimental, E; n = 18), of 20 kg body weight at the beginning of the experiment. Gilts received the toxin in doses of 12 µg/kg b.w./day (experimental group) or placebo (control group) over a period of 42 days. Three animals from two experimental groups were sacrificed on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42, excluding day 1 when only three control group animals were scarified. Tissues samples were prepared for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses with the application of solid phase extraction (SPE). The results show that deoxynivalenol doses used in our study, even when applied for a short period, resulted in its presence in gastrointestinal tissues. The highest concentrations of deoxynivalenol reported in small intestine samples ranged from 7.2 (in the duodenum) to 18.6 ng/g (in the ileum) and in large intestine samples from 1.8 (in transverse the colon) to 23.0 ng/g (in the caecum). In liver tissues, the deoxynivalenol contents ranged from 6.7 to 8.8 ng/g.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deoxynivalenol in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Immature Gilts under per os Toxin Application

Waśkiewicz

Beszterda

Kostecki

et al. 2014

Toxins

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“…Basically, these processes may finally lead to apoptosis, however, some reports suggest the possible role of necrotic processes. According to some theories the choice between apoptosis and necrosis in the cell depends on the availability of energy carriers (Alonso-Pozos et al, 2003). Since apoptosis is an active, energydependent process it requires sufficient amounts of ATP, in absence of which the cell enters the necrosis pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of chronic administration of zearalenone on the processes of apoptosis in the porcine ovary

Wąsowicz¹,

Gajęcka²,

Całka³

et al. 2005

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Zearalenone (ZEA), a micotoxin produced by Fusarium sp. is regarded as a phytoestrogen. Although cytotoxic and genotoxic activity of ZEA was detected, the majority of its toxic influence is related to the ability of binding to estrogen receptors and disrupting the endocrine regulation of the reproductory functions in females. It was previously found that ZEA inhibits proliferation of cells in porcine ovaries, as detected with immunostaining for proliferating cells nuclear antigen (PCNA). The number of PCNA-positive cells was inversely proportional to the dose of ZEA. We decided to answer the question of whether ZEA induces apoptosis in porcine ovaries. Experimental gilts (before first estrus) were fed ZEA in a dosage of 20 (group II) or 40 (group III) µg/kg of body weight/day for 63 days. Control animals (group I) were fed a placebo. After that period animals were sacrificed, ovaries were extirpated, fixed in paraformaldehyde solution, cut into sections with a cryostat and studied for apoptosis with TUNEL kit, and for the presence of apoptosis-promoting protein Bax with immunohistochemistry. It was found that apoptosis was detected with TUNEL only in medium-sized antral ovarian follicles in animals of groups I and II. No apoptosis signal was found in the ovaries of animals in group III. No differences in the distribution and intensity of staining for Bax were found between animals of all investigated groups. The results indicate that ZEA do not induce apoptosis in porcine ovaries, and the inhibition of proliferation must be associated with other mechanisms.

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“…The ovary was bisected and antral follicles of 3–5 mm in diameter were carefully dissected free from ovarian stroma using fine forceps and scissors. Under a surgical dissecting microscope (Nikon, SMZ‐10), the isolated follicles were classified as healthy, early atretic, and progressed atretic follicles according to the morphological criteria described previously (García et al, 1997; Rosales‐Torres et al, 2000; Alonso‐Pozos et al, 2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in granulosa cell apoptosis during follicular atresia in goat ovaries

Lin

Yang

Xiao

et al. 2012

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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Follicular atresia is primarily induced by granulosa cell apoptosis, but description of the apoptotic pathway in granulosa cells is incomplete. In this study, we explored the possibility that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress could be involved in granulosa cell apoptosis during goat follicular atresia. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (Grp78) were observed in scattered apoptotic granulosa cells of atretic follicles. Grp78 and DDIT3 mRNA and protein were upregulated in granulosa cells during follicular atresia, although DDIT3 was not significantly different between early atretic and progressed atretic follicles. Spontaneous apoptosis was also observed in vitro in granulosa cells induced by serum deprivation or by the ER stress agent tunicamycin, both inducing similar increases in DDIT3 mRNA. Activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6) and ATF4 mRNAs were significantly increased during granulosa cell apoptosis in vivo; in contrast to ATF6, ATF4 mRNA was attenuated after 16 hr of culture despite the persistence of ER stress. Taken together, ER stress-dependent DDIT3 pathways may play an important role in the regulation of selective granulosa cell apoptosis in goat ovaries during early follicular atresia. Serum deprivation could also increase apoptosis of cultured granulosa cells through the ER stress pathway as both ATF6 and PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 signaling have been implicated in the granulosa cell apoptosis of atretic follicles.

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Mechanism of granulosa cell death during follicular atresia depends on follicular size

Cited by 53 publications

References 42 publications

Deoxynivalenol in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Immature Gilts under per os Toxin Application

Deoxynivalenol in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Immature Gilts under per os Toxin Application

Influence of chronic administration of zearalenone on the processes of apoptosis in the porcine ovary

Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in granulosa cell apoptosis during follicular atresia in goat ovaries

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