Mechanism of ion nitriding of 316L austenitic steel by active screen method in a hydrogen-nitrogen atmosphere

Frączek, T.; Ogórek, M.; Skuza, Z.; Prusak, R.

doi:10.1007/s00170-020-05726-8

Cited by 33 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…It is proposed that the amount of the γ N phase in the diffusion layer of AISI 316L stainless steels can be enhanced with increasing nitriding temperature and time promoting a richer and more homogenous distribution of nitrogen species and consequently increasing the thickness of the diffusion layer [7][8][9]12]. However, there is a critical value for nitriding temperature and time, and upon exceeding these critical values, a decomposition of the γ N phase into α-ferrite and CrN can occur [15], which can further increase the surface hardness, while resulting in a detrimental loss in its corrosion resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Characterization of Ion Nitrided 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel: Influence of Treatment Temperature and Time

Gokcekaya

Ergun

Gülmez

et al. 2022

Metals

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The ion nitriding behavior of AISI 316L austenite stainless steel was investigated at different nitriding times (2 h, 4 h, and 9 h) and temperatures (450 °C, 500 °C, and 550 °C). The structural characterization has been assessed by several considerations which can be listed: (i) the evaluation of phase distribution through Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns and accompanying peak fitting process, (ii) hardness profile and related nitride layer thickness by microhardness and microscopic measurements, and (iii) displacement measurements to assess the residual stress accumulation. The diffusion of nitrogen atomic species into the sample surface caused a transformation of the γ phase matrix into an expanded austenite (γN) phase, which is recognized with its high hardness and wear resistance. Furthermore, depending on the nitriding condition, chromium nitride (Cr1-2N) and iron nitride (ε-Fe2-3N and γ′-Fe4N) phases were detected, which can be detrimental to the corrosion resistance of the 316L austenite stainless steel. The γN phase was observed in all nitriding conditions, resulting in a significant increase in the surface hardness. However, decomposition of the γN phase with an increase in nitriding temperature eventually altered the surface hardness distribution in the nitriding layer. Considering the phase-type and distribution with the consequent hardness characteristics in the nitride layer, to our best knowledge, this is the first report in which an ion-nitriding temperature of 500 °C (higher than 450 °C) and time of 9 h can be proposed as ideal processing parameters leading to optimal phase composition and hardness distribution for 316L austenite stainless steels particularly for the applications requiring a combination of both wear and corrosion resistance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Characterization of Ion Nitrided 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel: Influence of Treatment Temperature and Time

Gokcekaya

Ergun

Gülmez

et al. 2022

Metals

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“…The samples, subjected to LTPGN process, were tested using the “block-on-ring” technique with AISI 52100 steel as a ring-shaped counter-sample [ 2 , 3 ], “ball-on-disc” method using AISI 52100 steel [ 5 , 9 ] or Al 2 O 3 [ 7 ] in the shape of ball as a counter-sample or “pin-on-disc” technique using AISI 1045 steel as a counter-sample in the shape of pin [ 8 ]. Unfortunately, in the case of very interesting technique of LTPGN using an active screen [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ] the wear resistance of the layers was not studied. The effects of HTPGN process on the tribological properties of austenitic steel were tested using “block-on-ring” [ 3 ] or “ball-on-disc” [ 5 , 15 ] techniques using the counter-specimen made of AISI 52100 steel in the shape of ring [ 3 ] or ball [ 5 ] as well as sapphire ball [ 15 ], respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the only way to harden such a steel is via adequate surface treatment in order to produce hard and wear resistant surface layers. It is relatively easy using the physical techniques of surface treatment, especially if the surface is saturated with nitrogen, carbon or boron under glow discharge conditions [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Such techniques are also called plasma or ion processes [ 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Surface Alloying of Austenitic 316L Steel with Boron and Some Metallic Elements: Properties

Kulka

Mikołajczak²,

Dziarski

et al. 2021

Materials

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Austenitic 316L stainless steel is known for its good resistance to corrosion and oxidation. However, under conditions of appreciable mechanical wear, this steel had to demonstrate suitable wear protection. In this study, laser surface alloying with boron and some metallic elements was used in order to improve the hardness and wear behavior of this material. The microstructure was described in the previous paper in detail. The microhardness was measured using Vickers method. The “block-on-ring” technique was used in order to evaluate the wear resistance of laser-alloyed layers, whereas, the potentiodynamic method was applied to evaluate their corrosion behavior. The produced laser-alloyed layers consisted of hard ceramic phases (Fe2B, Cr2B, Ni2B or Ni3B borides) in a soft austenitic matrix. The significant increase in hardness and wear resistance was observed in the case of all the laser-alloyed layers in comparison to the untreated 316L steel. The predominant abrasive wear was accompanied by adhesive and oxidative wear evidenced by shallow grooves, adhesion craters and the presence of oxides. The corrosion resistance of laser-alloyed layers was not considerably diminished. The laser-alloyed layer with boron and nickel was the best in this regard, obtaining nearly the same corrosion behavior as the untreated 316L steel.

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“…The observation of the microstructures obtained as a result of nitriding shows that the introduction of the active screen causes the formation of a dense zone of titanium nitrides on the substrate of Grade 5 titanium alloy, similarly as in the process of glow discharge nitriding on the cathode. It should be noted that with the adopted parameters of the nitriding process, the nitrided layer on Grade 5 titanium alloy is formed not only on surfaces surrounded by the glow discharge plasma (as is the case, for example, in metallic materials based on iron [ 27 ]), but also on the surface shielded from the glow discharge—on the surface adjacent to the cathode ( Figure 10 c). According to literature data, the nitride layer formed there at a significantly higher temperature over 700 °C [ 29 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They interact with the nitrogen ions present in this area. The duration of voltage impulses facilitates obtaining high speed values by the ions, which correspond to the value of kinetic energy of approximately 300 eV [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of Active Screen Method in Ion Nitriding Grade 5 Titanium Alloy

et al. 2021

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The study assessed the effect of ion nitriding on the properties of the surface layer of Grade 5 titanium alloy used, among others, in medicine. Titanium and its alloys have low hardness and insufficient wear resistance in conditions of friction which limits the use of these materials. The improvement of these properties is only possible by the appropriate modification of the surface layer of these alloys. The ion nitriding process was carried out in a wide temperature range, i.e., 530–590 °C, and in the time range 5–17 h. Two variants of nitriding were applied: cathodic (conventional) nitriding and nitriding using the active screen method. The research results presented in this article allow for stating that each of the applied nitriding variants improves the analysed properties (nitrogen diffusion depth, hardness, wear resistance, microstructure analysis and surface topography) of the surface layers in relation to the material before nitriding. The hardness increased in every nitriding variant (the use of the additional active screen increased the hardness to 1021 HK0.025). The greatest increase in titanium abrasion resistance was found for surfaces after cathodic nitriding with an active screen. Each of the applied nitriding variants resulted in surface development.

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Mechanism of ion nitriding of 316L austenitic steel by active screen method in a hydrogen-nitrogen atmosphere

Cited by 33 publications

References 41 publications

Structural Characterization of Ion Nitrided 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel: Influence of Treatment Temperature and Time

Structural Characterization of Ion Nitrided 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel: Influence of Treatment Temperature and Time

Laser Surface Alloying of Austenitic 316L Steel with Boron and Some Metallic Elements: Properties

The Effectiveness of Active Screen Method in Ion Nitriding Grade 5 Titanium Alloy

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