Mechanism of particle formation in radical emulsion copolymerization of styrene with α-tert-butoxy-ω-vinylbenzyl-polyglycidol macromonomer

Gosecka, Monika; Basiǹska, Teresa; Słomkowski, Stanisław; Tracz, A.; Chehimi, Mohamed M.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2013.12.008

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Our recent studies of the mechanism of particles formation from styrene and polyglycidol macromonomer revealed that presence of the polyglycidol macromonomer in the polymerizing mixture at concentrations exceeding the critical micelle concentration affects rates of styrene conversion . It was found, that in the emulsion copolymerization of styrene and PGL macromonomer, 95% of styrene conversion is achieved about 1.5 times earlier than in the case of the emulsion homopolymerization of styrene carried out at the same monomer and initiator concentrations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was known that the surface of particles containing in the interfacial layer two not miscible polymer segments (like polystyrene and polyglycidol) forms due to phase separation patches . For polymerization with macromonomer added at styrene conversion equal to 25 and 92%, the incorporation of copolymers of styrene and polyglycidol macromonomers with high polyglycidol content was not efficient due to their high solubility in water.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactions of serum proteins and alkaline phosphatase with poly(styrene/α‐tert‐butoxy‐ω‐vinylbenzyl‐polyglycidol) microspheres with various surface concentrations of polyglycidol

Gosecka

Słomkowski

Basiǹska

2014

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Interactions of human serum albumin, gamma globulins and alkaline phosphatase with surface of hydrophilic microspheres are described. Relation between the composition of particles surface layer and adsorption/covalent immobilization and activity of proteins is elucidated. The set of poly(styrene/α‐tert‐butoxy‐ω‐vinylbenzyl‐polyglycidol) microspheres (poly(S/PGly)) was synthesized via emulsion copolymerization of styrene and α‐tert‐butoxy‐ω‐vinylbenzyl‐polyglycidol (PGL) macromonomer (Mn = 3000, Mw/Mn = 1.08). The way of addition of PGL macromonomer was different in particular subsets of syntheses; however, the total concentration of all compounds added to the polymerization mixture was kept constant. Namely, PGL was continuously injected beginning injection at various stages of styrene conversion or it was added together with styrene at the beginning of the polymerization. The syntheses yielded microspheres with a number average diameter measured by SEM in a range from 300 to 564.7 nm, and dispersities (Dw/Dn) lower than 1.004, depending on the method of addition of PGL to the polymerization mixture. Studies of proteins' adsorption allowed for determination of relation between the surface concentration of adsorbed protein and chemical composition of the particles interfacial layer. Activation of hydroxyl groups in polyglycidol by 1,3,5‐trichlorotriazine allowed for the controlled covalent immobilization of proteins onto particles. The accompanying physical adsorption was low. Studies of the activity of alkaline phosphatase covalently bonded to the surface of the poly(S/PGly) particles with the fraction of PGL in the particles' interfacial layer (fPGL = 20.6 mol% revealed that the activity of the covalently immobilized enzyme was 4.6 times higher than activity of the enzyme adsorbed on the surface of the polystyrene microspheres. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of serum proteins and alkaline phosphatase with poly(styrene/α‐tert‐butoxy‐ω‐vinylbenzyl‐polyglycidol) microspheres with various surface concentrations of polyglycidol

Gosecka

Słomkowski

Basiǹska

2014

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…It is worth noting that the diameter of particles determined by PCS (Photon Correlation Spectroscopy) was equal to 430 nm, slightly larger than the diameter found by analysis of SEM microphotographs. The 22 nm (11 nm of the radius) difference indicated that the particle interfacial layers were swollen in water due to the presence of polyglycidol segments [40]. The molar fraction of polyglycidol in the particle's interfacial layer, available for XPS analysis (ca.…”

Section: Preparation and Basic Characteristics Of Spherical And Spher...mentioning

confidence: 99%

New Class of Polymer Materials—Quasi-Nematic Colloidal Particle Self-Assemblies: The Case of Assemblies of Prolate Spheroidal Poly(Styrene/Polyglycidol) Particles

et al. 2022

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Assemblies of colloidal polymer particles find various applications in many advanced technologies. However, for every type of application, assemblies with properly tailored properties are needed. Until now, attention has been concentrated on the assemblies composed of spherical particles arranged into so-called perfect colloidal crystals and on complex materials containing mixtures of crystal and disordered phases. However, new opportunities are opened by using assemblies of spheroidal particles. In such assemblies, the particles, in addition to the three positional have three angular degrees of freedom. Here, the preparation of 3D assemblies of reference microspheres and prolate spheroidal poly(styrene/polyglycidol) microparticles by deposition from water and water/ethanol media on silicon substrates is reported. The particles have the same polystyrene/polyglycidol composition and the same volumes but differ with respect to their aspect ratio (AR) ranged from 1 to 8.5. SEM microphotographs reveal that particles in the assembly top layers are arranged into the quasi-nematic structures and that the quality of their orientation in the same direction increase with increasing AR. Nano- and microindentation studies demonstrate that interactions of sharp and flat tips with arrays of spheroidal particles lead to different types of particle deformations.

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Characterization methods of polymer core–shell particles

Gosecka

Gosecki

2015

Colloid Polym Sci

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The design and synthesis of various polymer coreshell particles result from their distinct characteristics, which combine the properties of two or more components into one material. Many accessible synthetic strategies for obtaining polymer core-shell particles lead to the formation of particles for which the internal morphology differs from the ideal coreshell structure. Understanding the precise morphology characteristics is important for mechanistic studies of particle formation, which ultimately results in the design of particles for specific structures and properties. The detailed characteristics of complex polymer particle structures are complicated and require more than one method. This review focuses on imaging methods such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cryo-TEM, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and confocal fluorescence microscopy that reveal the radial redistribution of the components and methods for the quantitative analysis of individual phases (core, shell and interfacial layer), such as small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Methods that can determine the surface composition and makeup of the character of interfacial layer (gradient or containing small domains, etc.) were also reviewed.

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Mechanism of particle formation in radical emulsion copolymerization of styrene with α-tert-butoxy-ω-vinylbenzyl-polyglycidol macromonomer

Cited by 6 publications

References 61 publications

Interactions of serum proteins and alkaline phosphatase with poly(styrene/α‐tert‐butoxy‐ω‐vinylbenzyl‐polyglycidol) microspheres with various surface concentrations of polyglycidol

Interactions of serum proteins and alkaline phosphatase with poly(styrene/α‐tert‐butoxy‐ω‐vinylbenzyl‐polyglycidol) microspheres with various surface concentrations of polyglycidol

New Class of Polymer Materials—Quasi-Nematic Colloidal Particle Self-Assemblies: The Case of Assemblies of Prolate Spheroidal Poly(Styrene/Polyglycidol) Particles

Characterization methods of polymer core–shell particles

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