Mechanism of Permanent Displacement of Ground Caused by Seismic Liquefaction

Sasaki, Yasushi; Towhata, Ikuo; Tokida, Ken-ichi; Yamada, Kazuhiko; Matsumoto, H.; Tamari, Yukio; Saya, Shoichi

doi:10.3208/sandf1972.32.3_79

Cited by 61 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Sasaki et al (1992) and Towhata et al (1992) pointed out that the distribution of the displacement of liqueˆed ground can be approximated by a sinusoidal curve. Under such approximation, the maximum shear strain would be p/2 times as large as the shear strain, D/H, evaluated under the assumption of simple shear deformation.…”

Section: Comparison Of G L(da) Values and Results From Previous Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They observed that the large displacements are associated with strains induced in the liqueˆed ground in the order of several tens of percent or even larger. Based on a series of model tests, Sasaki et al (1992) suggested that the gravity force is highly in‰uential on the event of the liqueˆed ground movement, which was also evident from case studies conducted by Hamada et al (1988) among others. In addition, Kokusho (2000) reported that signiˆcant deformation could be associated not only with the driving force due to the gravity but also a formation of a water lm in the liqueˆed layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In fact, PWRI (1989) among others reported that the response of the accelerometers that were set on the liqueˆed layer in the model became smaller during shaking. Sasaki et al (1992) reported that liqueˆed sand undergoing lateral displacement behaves in a similar manner to a liquid that exhibits no shear resistance.…”

Section: Degradation Of Shear Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their studies suggest that the gravity force is highly in‰uential on the event of the liqueˆed ground movement. It should be noted that Sasaki et al (1992) performed model tests where the model ground was shaken in both perpendicular and parallel direction to the sloped ground. As a result, the deformation vector of the ground surface was independent of the direction of the excitation, and was shown to depend solely on the direction of the slope.…”

Section: In‰uence Of Gravity Forcementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Comparison of Liquefaction-Induced Ground Deformation Between Results from Undrained Cyclic Torsional Shear Tests and Observations From Previous Model Tests and Case Studies

Kamiya

Koseki

Sato³

2010

Soils and Foundations

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Section: Comparison Of G L(da) Values and Results From Previous Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Degradation Of Shear Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In‰uence Of Gravity Forcementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comparison of Liquefaction-Induced Ground Deformation Between Results from Undrained Cyclic Torsional Shear Tests and Observations From Previous Model Tests and Case Studies

Kamiya

Koseki

Sato³

2010

Soils and Foundations

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“…In order to investigate mechanical properties of liquefied sand, Sasaki et al (1992) conducted a series of shaking table tests and revealed that liquefied sand behaves as a viscous fluid. Based on this finding, Towhata et al (1992) developed a new mathematical theory for prediction of liquefaction induced ground deformation in a two-dimensional way, assuming liquefied sand as Newtonian or Bingham fluid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Investigation on Rate-Dependent Properties of Sand Undergoing Low Confining Effective Stress

Gallage

Towhata

NISHIMURA

2005

SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS

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Experiences of past earthquakes show that many structural damages occur due to liquefaction-induced ground deformation. Accordingly, the prediction of liquefaction-induced ground deformation plays a major role in mitigation of damages. Even though numerical methods are developed in three-dimensional way to predict liquefaction-induced deformation, lack of understanding of mechanical properties of liquefied sand makes the prediction unrealistic. Therefore, employing a hollow cylinder torsion shear apparatus, the present study aims to investigate the large deformation of liquefied sand which is tentatively considered to be rate-dependent.Since it is impossible to run experiments on specimens with null effective stress, tests were conducted at very low effective stresses such as 5, 10, and 15 kPa and possibility for extrapolation of data to zero effective stress was attempted in order to study mechanical properties of liquefied sand. In this study, specimens with low effective stress were further sheared by stepwise monotonic axial compression in drained manner and the shear stress was found to be composed of frictional as well as rate-dependent viscous components. The results suggested that viscosity of sand increases with the increase of the mean effective stress. Note that a triaxial extension test and two tests on a special light grain material (Styrofoam) were conducted to investigate viscosity at low effective stress such as 3 to 4 kPa. Noteworthy was that effects of relative density on viscosity were not significant. The test conducted with pore water, pore air, and vacuum revealed that viscosity of liquefied sand was contributed by pore fluid and particle collision during flow. Furthermore, it was suggested that increase in the fines content leads to lower viscosity.

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Investigation of liquefaction‐induced lateral spreading of gently sloping grounds using a variable permeability model

Malekmakan

Shahir

Ayoubi

2021

Num Anal Meth Geomechanics

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Liquefaction‐induced lateral spreading takes place on gently sloping grounds due to the liquefaction of sand layers during an earthquake. This phenomenon had catastrophic effects in past events such as the 1964 Niigata, Japan earthquake. In this study, a recently proposed variable permeability function along with a critical state two‐surface plasticity model is employed in a fully‐coupled dynamic numerical model to simulate the lateral spreading. The variable permeability function is re‐calibrated such that the numerical model is able to simulate lateral spreading in a more realistic way compared to the experimental records. By means of six centrifuge experiments for verification, it is shown that the current numerical model is properly capable to capture the underlying physics of liquefaction‐induced lateral spreading. Using the calibrated model, a comprehensive parametric study is conducted and the results are used to develop a practical correlation to estimate the lateral displacement of a liquefied gently sloped ground.

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Mechanism of Permanent Displacement of Ground Caused by Seismic Liquefaction

Cited by 61 publications

References 1 publication

Comparison of Liquefaction-Induced Ground Deformation Between Results from Undrained Cyclic Torsional Shear Tests and Observations From Previous Model Tests and Case Studies

Comparison of Liquefaction-Induced Ground Deformation Between Results from Undrained Cyclic Torsional Shear Tests and Observations From Previous Model Tests and Case Studies

Laboratory Investigation on Rate-Dependent Properties of Sand Undergoing Low Confining Effective Stress

Investigation of liquefaction‐induced lateral spreading of gently sloping grounds using a variable permeability model

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