Mechanism of Pilose Antler in Treatment of Osteoporosis Based on Network Pharmacology

Abstract

Background. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the pharmacodynamic material basis and molecular mechanism of pilose antler (PA) in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis (OP) by the method of network pharmacology. Methods. First, the active components of PA were screened by BATMAN-TCM database, and the component targets were obtained from the SwissTargetPrediction online tool. Moreover, the relevant target genes of OP were obtained by searching the DisGeNET database. Second, the Venn diagram was drawn to obtain the PA-OP common targets, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and drug-component-target (D-C-T) network were constructed by Cytoscape software. Finally, the GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of common targets were performed using the Metascape online tool. Results. 82 common targets were identified by generating a Venn diagram. The PPI network of 82 common targets indicated that the top 5 nodal targets, including PIK3CA, MAPK1, ESR1, AKT1, and SRC, were strongly associated with other proteins. The D-C-T network suggested that the active components with high degree of connectivity include Prostaglandin E1, 17-Beta-Estradiol, Alpha-Estradiol, and Estrone. Furthermore, the GO enrichment analysis revealed that the biological process categories were dominated by response to peptide, cellular response to lipid, regulation of MAPK cascade, and so on. Additionally, the KEGG pathway analysis indicated the estrogen signaling pathway, osteoclast differentiation, and HIF-1 signaling pathway might have critical effects on the development of OP. Conclusion. The study shows that PA has the characteristics of multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway in treating osteoporosis.

Enhancing postmenopausal osteoporosis: a study of KLF2 transcription factor secretion and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway activation by PIK3CA in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

“…A total of 197 genes were obtained as candidate ones in PMO, and combined with GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, PIK3CA was further identified as the core gene of the PI3K-Akt pathway for affecting PMO. Notably, PIK3CA was reported to be a pivotal protein that might regulate osteoporosis progression [ 15 ]. PIK3CA could be regulated by Jiawei Buguzhi Pills and could play a therapeutic role in PMO [ 31 ].…”

“…PIK3CA can encode the p110α catalytic subunit of PI3K and assist the PI3K/Akt pathway to regulate important cellular functions [ 14 ]. Of note, PIK3CA was identified as a hub protein that might have an impact on the progression of osteoporosis [ 15 ]. PIK3CA/Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling could be activated by icariin, thereby supporting the protection against glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis [ 16 ].…”

Analysis of Puerarin’s Mechanism in Treating Diabetic Osteoporosis by using Network Pharmacology

“…The results of Wen et al studies showed that TNF was one of the targets of Liuwei Dihuang pills countermining bone loss and had a high binding activity with related active ingredients, which was similar to our research results [26] . Liu et al also believed that PIK3CA was one of the vital targets of pilose antlers in the treatment of osteoporosis [27] . Studies have shown that iron ions induce the expression of trigger receptor-2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in myeloid cells to promote osteoclast differentiation [28] .…”

Retracted: Mechanism of Pilose Antler in Treatment of Osteoporosis Based on Network Pharmacology

“…Tis article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [1]. Tis investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process:…”

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [ 1 ]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process: Discrepancies in scope Discrepancies in the description of the research reported Discrepancies between the availability of data and the research described Inappropriate citations Incoherent, meaningless and/or irrelevant content included in the article Peer-review manipulation …”