Mechanism of Reactive Compatibilization of PLLA/PVDF Blends Investigated by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy

Dong, Wenyong; Hakukawa, Hideki; Yamahira, Naohiro; Li, Yongjin; Horiuchi, Shin

doi:10.1021/acsapm.9b00061

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The bright yellow region in the AFM image indicated PVDF, and the dark yellow region indicated the cavity caused by the elimination of PMMA, as shown in Figure 4 . The morphology revealed that the distribution of PVDF and PMMA was ultra-fine (∼μm) across the entire range of ratio, illustrating highly homogenous dispersion caused by in situ polymerization ( Kang et al, 2009 ; Dong et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Energy Density and Temperature Stability in PVDF/PMMA via In Situ Polymerization Blending

Liu

Gao

et al. 2022

Front. Chem.

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Dielectrics with improved energy density have long-standing demand for miniature and lightweight energy storage capacitors for electrical and electronic systems. Recently, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based ferroelectric polymers have shown attractive energy storage performance, such as high dielectric permittivity and high breakdown strength, and are regarded as one of the most promising candidates. However, the non-negligible energy loss and inferior temperature stability of PVDF-based polymers deteriorated the energy storage performance or even the thermal runaway, which could be ascribed to vulnerable amorphous regions at elevated temperatures. Herein, a new strategy was proposed to achieve high energy density and high temperature stability simultaneously of PVDF/PMMA blends by in situ polymerization. The rigidity of the amorphous region was ideally strengthened by in situ polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomers in a PVDF matrix to obtain PVDF/PMMA blends. The atomic force microscopic study of the microstructure of etched films showed the ultra-homogenous distribution of PMMA with high glass transition temperature in the PVDF matrix. Consequently, the temperature variation was remarkably decreased, while the high polarization response was maintained. Accordingly, the high energy density of ∼8 J/cm3 with ∼80% efficiency was achieved between 30 and 90 °C in PVDF/PMMA films with 39–62% PMMA content, outperforming most of the dielectric polymers. Our work could provide a general solution to substantially optimize the temperature stability of dielectric polymers for energy storage applications and other associated functions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Energy Density and Temperature Stability in PVDF/PMMA via In Situ Polymerization Blending

Liu

Gao

et al. 2022

Front. Chem.

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“…The PPS/Al5052 interfacial structures were investigated by electron microscopy using a TECNAI Osiris (FEI company, USA) scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) with an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. Energydispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis and STEM/EDX elemental mapping were performed with 4 windowless silicon drift EDX detectors (Super-XTM), which were placed symmetrically around the optical axis near the specimen area [5]. STEM-tomography was performed to construct detailed 3D structures of the joint interface [6], where series of STEM images by sequentially tilting a specimen in the tilt range of ±60 degrees.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Joint Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the properties of plastic-metal interfaces directly bonded via injection molding

Horiuchi¹,

Terasaki

Itabashi

2020

Manufacturing Rev.

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Plastic and metal can be directly bonded via insert injection molding by creating surface porous structures with 30–50 nm sizes on metal surface. Molten polymers can be penetrated into the small pores created on metal surface in the short molding process, and strong joint can be obtained. The bonding mechanism of aluminum alloy (Al5052) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) with two different surface features of Al5052 was studied. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) was performed to investigate the interfacial structures in terms of elemental distributions and three-dimensional (3D) inter-connectivity of the pores on the Al5052, and the chemical reaction which takes place during the joint process was investigated by X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS). The properties of the joint interfaces were evaluated to discuss the effect of interfacial structures on the joint properties.

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“…STEM‐EDX is another technique that can be used for elemental mapping. Scanning the electron beam over a 2D region of a specimen gives a quick overview of the elements present and their spatial distribution 27 . In conventional STEM‐EDX systems, X‐rays emitted from the specimen are detected by a single detector located diagonally above the specimen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution of silica fillers in phase‐separated rubber blends investigated by three‐dimensional elemental mapping

Lyu

Hanada

Yamahira

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The distribution of nano‐sized silica in binary rubber blends is characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) tomography combined with energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (EDX). 3D distribution of silica is visualized by STEM‐EDX tomography with the tilt‐series of silicon elemental maps, while the phase‐separated morphologies of polyisoprene rubber (IR) and styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) are visualized by STEM‐tomography in high‐angle‐annular‐dark field (HAADF) mode. The combination of STEM‐EDX and STEM‐HAADF tomography enables us to determine the distribution of silica between the two rubber phases quantitatively even with high contents of silica up to 70 phr (weight parts per hundred rubber). It is found that silica is preferentially distributed in the SBR phase, but it is also distributed in the IR phase when the IR fraction in the total rubber components is higher than 40 wt%. The preferential distribution of silica in the SBR phase improves the dispersion of the IR domains. This is the first use of this technique for a multicomponent polymer system, showing the advantage to characterize the complicated multicomponent polymer composite morphologies.

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Mechanism of Reactive Compatibilization of PLLA/PVDF Blends Investigated by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy

Cited by 21 publications

References 40 publications

High Energy Density and Temperature Stability in PVDF/PMMA via In Situ Polymerization Blending

High Energy Density and Temperature Stability in PVDF/PMMA via In Situ Polymerization Blending

Evaluation of the properties of plastic-metal interfaces directly bonded via injection molding

Spatial distribution of silica fillers in phase‐separated rubber blends investigated by three‐dimensional elemental mapping

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