Mechanism of sodium sulfate in promoting selective reduction of nickel laterite ore during reduction roasting process

Jiang, Man; Sun, Tao; Liu, Zhiguo; Kou, Jue; Liu, Na; Zhang, Shiyuan

doi:10.1016/j.minpro.2013.04.005

Cited by 157 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…When Na 2 SO 4 is roasted under a reducing atmosphere, reaction (I) and (III) occurs, and FeS (troilite) maybe forms by reaction (II) and (IV). 16,17) Nepheline (e) and troilite (f) peaks are illustrated in Figs. 3(5)-3(6).…”

Section: Phase Transformation Of the Roasted Pellets With Different Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, the beach TTM concentrate, binder, and additives are pressed into pellets and then completely embedded into the coal to avoid the impact of coal ash and ensure excellent reduction conditions. Several researchers [16][17][18] have shown that Na 2 SO 4 can be used as an additive in the direct reductions of laterite nickel ore, highaluminum iron ore, and red mud to decrease the impurity content of the resultant DRI powder. Therefore, Na 2 SO 4 was used as an additive in the present study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Na2SO4 on the Embedding Direct Reduction of Beach Titanomagnetite and the Separation of Titanium and Iron by Magnetic Separation

et al. 2015

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A novel process for separating iron and titanium from Indonesian beach titanomagnetite (TTM) concentrates is proposed. This process involves several steps, including mixing the TTM concentrate and additive, pressing the mixture into pellets, embedding direct reduction of the pellets, and magnetic separation. Given that coal and additives are the main factors influencing the coal-based direct reduction of beach TTM, this study employed embedding reduction, where pellets are embedded under the coal to be reduced, and Na 2 SO 4 was used as an additive. The best result was obtained when the Na 2 SO 4 dosage was 4%, and the direct reduction iron powder (DRI powder) with an iron grade of 94.45%, iron recovery of 85.18%, and TiO 2 content of 0.44% were obtained. Titanium concentrate assay yielded 40.43% TiO 2 containing main titanium minerals of ilmenite and ferrous pseudobrookite. The results showed that a suitable Na 2 SO 4 addition (4-6%), DRI powder and titanium concentrate presented better iron recovery and TiO 2 grade as compared without addition, while this advantage disappeared as Na 2 SO 4 addition increased ( > 6%). The characteristics of roasted pellets were analyzed through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry. Results showed that FeS and nepheline are formed by addition of Na 2 SO 4 , thereby benefiting the migration and growth of metallic iron particles in the redox system and separation of titanium and iron. While a suitable dosage of Na 2 SO 4 could promote porosity and induce a reducing atmosphere, but more liquid phase formed by an excessive Na 2 SO 4 was unfavorable and caused expansion of the pellets.

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Section: Phase Transformation Of the Roasted Pellets With Different Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Na2SO4 on the Embedding Direct Reduction of Beach Titanomagnetite and the Separation of Titanium and Iron by Magnetic Separation

et al. 2015

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“…(8) Formed Na 2 O gives reaction with silicate mineral and forms nepheline and so that at reductive roasting nickel oxide and iron oxide can be liberated from silicate minerals according to below reaction [5]:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Sodium Sulfate Addition on the Production of Ferronickel from Lateritic Ore

Parlak

Yıldız

2016

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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Lateritic nickel ore from Manisa -Çaldağ region was roasted to form ferronickel at 1200• C for 1 h with additions of metallurgical coke and sodium sulfate varying by weight 5-15% and 0-20%, respectively. Formed metallic part of roasted sample was separated from non-metallic part by magnet and examined by means of X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. In spite of kamacite α-(Fe,Ni) formation, iron-rich silicate structure that causes iron losses was observed for samples roasted with only coke. Kamacite formation increased with increment of the coke percentage but iron-rich silicate structure remained almost same. With addition of sodium sulfate, elimination of iron-rich silicate phase was achieved and easily magnetizable metallic particles were obtained.

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“…5,6) In addition, sulfate, chlorine salt, and calcium oxide have been used as accelerants to promote the reduction of low nickel (< 1.5%) laterite ore, and they all achieved fruitful results. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The Yunnan nickel laterite deposit, located in the southwest of China, contains an estimated ore resource of 0.43 Mt of nickel ore. It belongs to a high magnesium (> 30.0 mass% MgO), low iron (< 10.0 mass% total Fe) and low nickel (< 1.0 mass% Ni) laterite ore. Because of the extremely low grade nickel and complex compositions, the processing of this type of nickel silicate minerals is very complex and cost high, so far it has not been reasonable exploited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Sodium Carbonate on Phase Transformation of High-Magnesium Laterite Ore

Zhou

Dong

et al. 2017

Mater. Trans.

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The phase transformation of high-magnesium laterite ore were investigated during the reduction roasting process. In the absence of sodium carbonate [Na 2 CO 3 ], the X-ray diffraction results indicate that the [Fe Ni] alloy existed in ore in the form of taenite. The taenite particles is ne and the size is approximately 30-40 nm, which indicate that the nickel and iron are not migrated and aggregated during the non-smelting reduction roasting process. In the presence of sodium carbonate, the intensity of [Fe Ni] alloy phase increases; the taenite diffraction peaks disappears, corresponding to the appearance of kamacite. The results of SEM images show that the [Fe Ni] alloy particle size has a signi cant increase with the addition of Na 2 CO 3 . Based on the theoretical analysis, the pivotal role of Na 2 CO 3 may be mainly attributed to the Na + , which could in ltrate into the crystal lattice of FeO, leading to the lattice distortion. Furthermore, the sodium carbonate would be decomposed at high temperature, and the generated CO 2 could promote the Boudouard reaction which produced the CO to enhance the reduction of metallic oxides within ore.

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Mechanism of sodium sulfate in promoting selective reduction of nickel laterite ore during reduction roasting process

Cited by 157 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> on the Embedding Direct Reduction of Beach Titanomagnetite and the Separation of Titanium and Iron by Magnetic Separation

Effect of Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> on the Embedding Direct Reduction of Beach Titanomagnetite and the Separation of Titanium and Iron by Magnetic Separation

Effect of Sodium Sulfate Addition on the Production of Ferronickel from Lateritic Ore

Effect of Sodium Carbonate on Phase Transformation of High-Magnesium Laterite Ore

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