Mechanism of surface charge creation due to image forces

Abstract

The image force is considered to be one of the non-specific sources of surface charge and origin of the double charge layer in the interface between a non-polar liquid dielectric and a polar solid. It is assumed that there is no interaction between phases, neither chemical interaction nor preferential adsorption, due to their specific chemical nature. Two possible physical mechanisms have been investigated. The first takes into account the existence of a potential barrier to the charge movement as it leaves the surface. Therefore, the charges that are in liquid are attracted to the surface. The second is the reduction of dissociation energy of ion pairs close to the interface in comparison with bulk dissociation. Both mechanisms result in a decrease of recombination rate and a sharp increase of dissociation rate. It has been shown that both these mechanisms could lead to the creation and accumulation of an abnormal non-specific surface charge carrier.

Interaction between Electrolyte Ions and the Surface of a Cell Lipid Membrane

“…This statement contradicts the experimental facts and theoretical models of Hodgkin and Huxley's kind, based on the phospholipid membrane permeability to ions. Usually, in theories of the interaction of ions with the surface of dielectrics, the minimum value of h is selected as the size of the ion, or the Debye radius, if the insulator's surface is saturated with ions [15]. However, this does not resolve the problem of phospholipid membranes "impenetrability".…”

“…In all these works, the near-surface potential of the membrane was considered under the Gouy-Chapman theory [11,12] or its later modification by Stern [13], in which the charge on the membrane surfaces is considered to be given. In these theories, the membrane was considered as a continuous dielectric, without taking into account its fine structure, and a surface charge was determined on the basis of the electrochemical properties of the dielectric surface (see, eg [14,15]). …”

Electrophoretic mobilities of dissolved polyelectrolyte charging agent and suspended non-colloidal titanium during electrophoretic deposition

“…There are different methods that have been used to reduce or negate this, each with different degrees of success [25,26]. In the present case, this was attempted by applying an adhesive insulating coating on the back side, although this was only partially successful.…”

Non-thermal Influence of A Weak Microwave on Nerve Fiber Activity

“…In all these works, the near-surface potential of the membrane was considered under the Gouy-Chapman theory [66,67] or its later modification by Stern [68], in which the charge on the membrane surfaces is considered to be given. In these theories, the membrane was considered as a continuous dielectric, without taking into account its fine structure, and a surface charge was determined on the basis of the electrochemical properties of the dielectric surface (see, for example, [69,70]). In fact, It is known that the phospholipid molecules of cell membrane are forming a mosaic (matrix) structure in which dipole heads are directed towards the liquid (positively charged head faces outward membrane) [71] more than 10 times greater than the dipole moment of water molecules.…”