Mechanism of Temporal Fusion Effect of Photic Stimulation on Electrical Activity of Visual Structures

Walker, A. Earl; Woolf, Jack I.; Halstead, Ward C.; Case, Theodore J.

doi:10.1152/jn.1943.6.3.213

Cited by 41 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The same finding has been reported in animals with rods and cones, i.e. monkey (Walker et al 1943) and cat (Lindsley 1953, Grusser et al 1962, Brazier 1963).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Recovery Time in the Visual Cortex of Guinea Pigs and of Ground Squirrels

Hammerberg

1974

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica

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The cortical irresponsive and recovery times were tested in albino guinea pigs and in ground squirrels with the same brief (1 ms) colored flashes and using the same anesthesia, dial. The irresponsive time was much longer, 60–80 ms, in the guinea pig compared with 15–20 ms in the squirrel. In the squirrel the retinal was at least 5 ms shorter than the cortical recovery time, and the retinal response reached 50 % of full amplitude when 25 ms separated the flashes compared with 100 ms for the cortical response. Since the conditioning and testing flashes had the same intensity, the irresponsive time diminished with decreasing strength of light until close to threshold in the guinea pig. The threshold was high in squirrel and flashes of maximum intensity were used with color filters. There was no difference between responses to colored flashes when the amplitude of the responses was the same, either in guinea pig or squirrel. In the guinea pig chloralose‐urethane anesthesia resulted in a longer irresponsive time, and with some light intensities there was a period when the response to the testing flash was larger than to the first flash, as has been described in cat.

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“…The same finding has been reported in animals with rods and cones, i.e. monkey (Walker et al 1943) and cat (Lindsley 1953, Grusser et al 1962, Brazier 1963).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Recovery Time in the Visual Cortex of Guinea Pigs and of Ground Squirrels

Hammerberg

1974

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica

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“…However, most of the higher EEG activity in the lower frequency bands (2-13 Hz) at the six sites except the occipital midline (Oz) may be considered artifacts caused by eyelid and eyeball movements' 1). This study indicates that, among the six bands at the seven sites, the amplitude of the beta-2 (R2) band (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) at the Oz is the best correlate to workloads for the paced calculating task. Michel et al29> also noticed an increase in beta activity in the occipital zone of their subjects during the loading phase of a discrimination task.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Evaluation of Work Stress Using Psychological and Physiological Measures of Mental Activity in a Paced Calculating Task.

Kurimori¹,

Kakizaki

1995

INDUSTRIAL HEALTH

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With a view to developing a method of evaluating mental work stress, a paced calculating task (addition and subtraction of two two-digit figures) with eight grades of workload (20%-160% of work capacity) was assigned to 21 male and 20 female students.Using a VDT, subjects performed the task and psychological and physiological measures of mental activity (intellectual activity, feeling, arousal level) were determined.Occipital midline (Oz) R2 (20 Hz-30 Hz) amplitudes regressed linearly against workloads, with a marked rise observed at overload levels (above 100% workload), though the number of correct responses did not increase at such levels. Error rate, subjective task difficulties, and feelings (unpleasant, tense, excited) were proportional to workload and closely correlated to each other. Blood pressures and heart rates increased slightly in proportion to workload, with a correlation between them. Feelings were presumed to be not particularly intense even at overload levels. Regression coefficients of error rate, excitement level, and Oz~i2 amplitude were larger in females than males. Based on the results, it was inferred that females might sustain somewhat more severe work stress than males. Critical flicker frequencies decreased over time. The criteria for evaluating heavy and excessive mental work stresses were deduced from the Ozf2 amplitudes, which best reflected intellectual activity, and from the critical flicker frequency, which is related to arousal level.

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“…The critical flicker frequency at the cortical level has been studied by a number of investigators (24,4,15,2). In our experiment the critical fusion frequency lay between 25 and 35, although it was very difficult to determine the critical frequency precisely with our method.…”

Section: The Effect Of Flicker Frequencymentioning

confidence: 86%