Mechanism of the Bursting of Bubbles

Knelman, F.H.; Dombrowski, N.; Newitt, D. M.

doi:10.1038/173261a0

Cited by 63 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…These small particles increase in size by condensation and coagulation, and constitute the accumulation mode. The coarse particle mode aerosols in the maritime planetary boundary layer consist mainly of sea salt particles which are produced by bursting bubbles at the ocean surface (Woodcock et al, 1953;Knelman et al, 1954;Toba, 1959). On the other hand, those in the continental planetary boundary layer mainly consist of wind blown soil particles (Patterson and Gillette, 1977).…”

Section: B the El Chichon Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol Monitoring Using a Scanning Spectral Radiometer in Sendai, Japan

Shiobara¹,

Hayasaka

Nakajima

et al. 1991

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Measurements of direct solar irradiance and sky radiance were carried out in Sendai, Japan for the period from September 1981 to May 1985 using a scanning spectral radiometer (aureolemeter). Size distributions of columnar total aerosols were retrieved by inverting both spectral optical thickness and solar aureole radiance data.The size distribution of aerosols due to the El Chichon eruption in 1982 was estimated as the difference between columnar volume spectra before and after the eruption. The results indicate that the El Chichon aerosol had a monomodal volume spectrum with a mode radius about 0.5 ,*m; their contribution to the total aerosol volume reached the maximum in the winter of 1983, i. e. December 1982 to February 1983, then gradually decaying to the normal level prior to the eruption by the spring of 1985.A seasonal model of tropospheric aerosols over Sendai was constructed by subtracting the volume spectrum of the El Chichon aerosol model from that of the columnar total aerosols, and successfully represented by a bimodal log-normal function. The aerosols in spring and summer seasons have different features in respect of volume spectra. The coarse particle mode aerosols with radii around 3 *m are predominant in spring while the accumulation mode aerosols with radii around 0.2µm are predominant in summer.

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Section: B the El Chichon Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol Monitoring Using a Scanning Spectral Radiometer in Sendai, Japan

Shiobara¹,

Hayasaka

Nakajima

et al. 1991

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…As a result of wind stress, breaking waves entrain air, which resurfaces as bubbles that subsequently burst, ejecting seawater droplets into the atmosphere. There are two distinct mechanisms of droplet formation by bursting bubbles: disintegration of the bubble film produces a large number of seawater droplets with radii smaller than ∼ 1 μm and a mode centered around 0.1 μm, often referred to as film droplets [Knelman et al, 1954;Spiel, 1998], while the ejection of a jet formed by the collapse of the sides of the bubble cavity results in a handful of seawater droplets with radii between ∼ 1 and 50 μm that are generally referred to as jet droplets [Lewis and Schwartz, 2004]. The number and size of the seawater droplets produced depends on the size of the bubbles [Blanchard, 1983], the surface tension and the concentration and speciation of surfactants present [Blanchard, 1990], the age of the bubble, and the seawater temperature via its influence on the viscosity and density of the seawater [Salter et al, 2014].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium enrichment in sea spray aerosol particles

Salter

Hamacher-Barth

Leck

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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Sea spray aerosol particles are an integral part of the Earth's radiation budget. To date, the inorganic composition of nascent sea spray aerosol particles has widely been assumed to be equivalent to the inorganic composition of seawater. Here we challenge this assumption using a laboratory sea spray chamber containing both natural and artificial seawater, as well as with ambient aerosol samples collected over the central Arctic Ocean during summer. We observe significant enrichment of calcium in submicrometer (<1 μm in diameter) sea spray aerosol particles when particles are generated from both seawater sources in the laboratory as well as in the ambient aerosols samples. We also observe a tendency for increasing calcium enrichment with decreasing particle size. Our results suggest that calcium enrichment in sea spray aerosol particles may be environmentally significant with implications for our understanding of sea spray aerosol, its impact on Earth's climate, as well as the chemistry of the marine atmosphere.

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“…It is known that marine aerosol in sub-micrometer size range is mainly formed by gas-to-particle conversion of sulfuric acid (Kulmala, 2003;Kulmala and Kerminen, 2008). It has been shown that a bubble bursting process can produce a wide spectrum of particles ranging from a sub-micrometer particle (O'Dowd and Smith, 1993;Mårtensson et al, 2003;Resch and Afeti, 1992) to a coarse particle (Blanchard, 1954;Knelman et al, 1954;Woodcock et al, 1953). It is believed that ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride produced by these two processes account a large fraction of the mass in marine aerosols (Arimoto et al, 1992;Fitzgerald, 1991;Raemdonck et al, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation of aliphatic amines in marine sub-micrometer particles at the Cape Verde islands

et al. 2009

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The highest amine concentrations in fine particles (impactor stage 2, 0.14-0.42 µm) indicate that amines are likely taken up from the gas phase into the acidic sub-micrometer particles. The contribution of amines to the organic carbon (OC) content ranged from 0.2-2.5% C in the winter months, indicating the importance of this class of compounds to the carbon cycle in the marine environment. Furthermore, aliphatic amines originating from marine biological sources likely contribute significantly to the nitrogen content in the marine atmosphere. The average contribution of the amines to the detected nitrogen species in sub-micrometer particles can be non-negligible, especially in the winter months (0.1% N-1.5% N in the sum of nitrate, ammonium and amines). This indicates that these smaller aliphatic amines can be important for the carbon and the nitrogen cycles in the remote marine environment.

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Mechanism of the Bursting of Bubbles

Cited by 63 publications

References 1 publication

Aerosol Monitoring Using a Scanning Spectral Radiometer in Sendai, Japan

Aerosol Monitoring Using a Scanning Spectral Radiometer in Sendai, Japan

Calcium enrichment in sea spray aerosol particles

Seasonal variation of aliphatic amines in marine sub-micrometer particles at the Cape Verde islands

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