Mechanism of the reduced allergenicity of shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense) by combined thermal/pressure processing: Insight into variations in protein structure, gastrointestinal digestion and immunodominant linear epitopes

Dual Action of Reduced Allergenicity and Improved Memory of Instant Soybean Powder Hydrolysates

“…The jejunal villi were atrophied with terminal detachment. While the ISPH and CASP groups showed a significant improvement in histopathological changes, with a reduction of megakaryocytes in the spleen, thinning of the alveolar septa, reduction of jejunal damage, and alleviation of inflammation, which resembled the discovery of Liu et al 29,39 The results explained that enzymatic hydrolysis could effectively reduce the allergenicity of ISP and, thus, reduce histopathological changes in mice. body composition of the mice were monitored during the gavage period, and the results are presented in Figure 5.…”

Reduced Allergenicity of Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) by Altering the Protein Fold, Digestion Susceptibility, and Allergen Epitopes

“…The results were visualized in reduced complexity combined with the predicted epitopes (Table 2 and Figure 7). A new category of epitope was defined in this study based on Liu et al: 20 the increasing linear epitopes of shrimp allergens mean linear epitopes exposed in BS digestion products but not in RS and BRPSS digestion products. The linear epitopes that play different roles in allergenicity were mapped into 3D structures.…”

“…Vascular Permeability. A quantitative assay was performed, referring to Liu et al 20 Qualitative analysis was performed using the Evans blue test. Evans blue was injected via the tail vein before the challenge, and the color of the whole body and intestine was observed at 30−40 min after the challenge.…”

“…Determination of Hydrogen Bonds and Disulfide Bonds. The configuration method of denaturing solutions was referred to by Liu et al 20 The existence of hydrogen bonds and disulfide bonds in proteins was measured using urea and β-mercaptoethanol in denaturing solutions, respectively.…”

“…Specific Antibody Levels. The determination of the specific IgE/ IgG 1 level was referred to Liu et al 20 with the following modifications. The rat monoclonal anti-mouse IgE epsilon-chain (Biotin) (1:100) (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) and streptavidin (HRP) (1:100) (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) were added to each well for incubation during the determination of specific IgE.…”