Mechanism Preventing Backf low from the Canine Corpora cavernosa to Arteries in the Rigid Phase of Penile Erection

Tamaki, Makoto

doi:10.1159/000282299

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…of erection was proposed [1,4,5,9,11,14,17,19]. The results of the study seem to support the suggestion that the TA does not play an essential role in the erectile mechanism.…”

supporting

confidence: 69%

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Role of Tunica Albuginea in Erection: Is It a Dynamic or a Static Role?

Shafik

Sibai

2006

Archives of Andrology

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The tunica albuginea (TA) of the penis is claimed to share in erectile mechanism by compressing the emissary veins passing through it. Apparently this claim is theoretical as no experimental studies could be traced in literature proving this concept. We investigated the hypothesis that TA acts as a cover to corpora cavernosa (CC) and spongiosa (CS) and does not have an active role in erectile mechanism. Penises of 9 dogs were degloved and TA was divided at upper, middle and lower 1/3 of the penis. The intracorporal and glans penis (GP) pressures were measured in the TA-covered and non-covered parts of CC and CS in the flaccid and erectile phases. Sham operation, without performing the TA incisions, was done in 7 control animals. In the test animals, intracorporal pressure (ICP) in the non-TA covered corpora and in GP recorded in flaccid phase a mean of 12.2 +/- 0.8 cmH2O for CC and 11.3 +/- 0.7 cmH2O for the CS and GP, and in the erectile phase 98.4 +/- 8.6 and 76.2 +/- 9.3 cmH2O, respectively. There was no significant difference between covered and non-covered corpora or between test and control animals. In conclusion, the TA seems to act as a cover to the corporal tissue. Its absence did not change ICP.

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“…of erection was proposed [1,4,5,9,11,14,17,19]. The results of the study seem to support the suggestion that the TA does not play an essential role in the erectile mechanism.…”

supporting

confidence: 69%

“…The TA is claimed to share in the erectile mechanism by compressing the emissary veins passing through it [1,4,5,9,19]. However, this claim is apparently theoretical; as to our knowledge, no experimental studies could be traced in the literature proving this concept.…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

Role of Tunica Albuginea in Erection: Is It a Dynamic or a Static Role?

Shafik

Sibai

2006

Archives of Andrology

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“…4,5 The intracavernous framework appears to add significant strength to the tunica albuginea. 6,7 The fibrous sheaths of the corpora are fused together in a manner that allows the three corpora to act as one unit during erection and penile thrusting. 5 However, the tunica albuginea of the corpus spongiosum is thinner and less tough compared with the tunica albuginea of the CC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The corporo-glans ligament: description and functional significance of a ligament connecting the corpora cavernosa to the glans penis

et al. 2004

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The two corpora cavernosa (CC) end blindly under cover of the glans penis (GP). The method of attachment of the CC to the GP could not be traced in the literature. The current communication investigated the hypothesis of a ligamentous attachment existing between the two corporal ends and the GP. In all, 18 male cadaveric specimens were studied by direct dissection and histologically. Six were neonates and 12 adults (mean age 32.3710.6 s.d. y). After examining and photographing the connection between the CC and GP, sagittal, parasagittal, and coronal sections of the connection were stained and studied microscopically. A triangular fibrous tissue band connected the distal blind ends of the two CC with the GP. The base of this band was attached to the tunica albuginea of the two CC, while the apex was continuous with the fibrous septa between the sinusoids of the cavernous tissue of the GP. Microscopically, the ligament consisted of collagen and elastic fibers; in some sections, the collagen fibers of the tunica albuginea were continuous with those of the band. A band of collagen and elastic fibers could be identified connecting the two CC to the GP; we term it the 'corporo-glans ligament'. This ligament presumably affords the connection with rigidity, flexibility, and tissue strength. We suggest that it firmly connects the GP to the CC during penile thrusting. Further studies are required to assess the possible role of this ligament in erectile dysfunction.

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“…The anatomical data regarding the origin, morphology, as well as nerve and blood supply of the bulbocavernosus muscle (BCM) and ischiocavernosus muscle (ICM), are well documented in the literature [5][6][7][8]. However, the exact mode of insertion of these muscles into the TA of the penile shaft needs to be described more clearly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histologic Study of the Tunica Albuginea of the Penis and Mode of Cavernosus Muscles' Insertion in It

Shafik¹,

Elsharkawy²,

Khamis³

et al. 2006

Archives of Andrology

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The tunica albuginea (TA) is the outer covering of the corpora cavernosa (CCs) and corpus spongiosum (CS) of the penile shaft. The different histoanatomical patterns of the TA, as well as the mode of attachment of the ischio-/bulbo-cavernosus muscles (ICM, BCM) to the TA, were studied, aiming at elucidating their role in the mechanism of erection. Twenty-eight cadaveric specimens (18 adults, 10 neonatal deaths) were studied morphologically and histologically after staining with hematoxylin and eosin and Verhoeff-van Gieson stains. The TA consisted in 20 specimens of 2 layers: inner circular and outer longitudinal, in 6 specimens of 3 layers: inner circular, longitudinal and outer circular, and in 2 of only one longitudinal layer. The CS TA was formed of one layer of longitudinal fibers. The mode of cavernosus muscles insertion into the TA revealed 3 patterns. The conjoint BCM and ICM formed a fibrous belt over the CCs in 18 specimens, a muscular belt in 6 and no belt in 4. The functional role of the variations in the TA morphological structure is not exactly known. We hypothesize that the 3-layered TA gives more penile rigidity than the double and single layers. Considering the type of cavernosus muscles insertion into the TA, it appears that the fibrous belt exerts more CC compression than the other 2 types of insertion.

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Mechanism Preventing Backf low from the Canine Corpora cavernosa to Arteries in the Rigid Phase of Penile Erection

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Role of Tunica Albuginea in Erection: Is It a Dynamic or a Static Role?

Role of Tunica Albuginea in Erection: Is It a Dynamic or a Static Role?

The corporo-glans ligament: description and functional significance of a ligament connecting the corpora cavernosa to the glans penis

Histologic Study of the Tunica Albuginea of the Penis and Mode of Cavernosus Muscles' Insertion in It

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