Mechanisms and Conditions that Affect Phase Inversion Processes. The Case of High‐Impact Polystyrene

Maffi, Juan Martín; Casís, Natalia; Acuña, Pablo; Morales, Graciela; Estenoz, Diana Alejandra

doi:10.1002/pen.25304

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Literature data on the phase separation for HIPS graft polymerization are scarce, 33,49 so that it is worthwhile to explore if a small change in the (artificial) phase separation conversion has an impact on the rate at which phase inversion is obtained and on the GC average properties. Meira et al 3 proposed that phase separation generally occurs at 2%-5% St conversion, explaining why here we increase our default value of 2% (see modeling section) to 5% with the results shown in Figures 5 and 6.…”

Section: Model Sensitivity Toward Fixed Conversion Value Of Phase Sep...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A two‐phase method of moments model for high‐impact polystyrene phase inversion conversion and molecular properties

Zhu,

Jin,

et al. 2023

AIChE Journal

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A challenge for high‐impact polystyrene (HIPS) production and design is the more accurate and low computational cost prediction of the phase separation and phase inversion conversion, the first conversion determining the onset of the two‐phase system and the second conversion defining the pathway toward a complex, for example, salami‐like morphology. In this work, a two‐phase deterministic method of moments (MoM) model running in several minutes is therefore developed in the intermediate styrene conversion range (up to around 30%), considering for simplicity only diffusional limitations on termination on an average basis. It is showcased that the phase separation conversion can be taken as 2 m%, and the phase inversion conversion should be calculated by algebraic means. Interestingly, the latter conversion varies with the initial reaction conditions either on a time basis (e.g., variation of initial radical concentration) or both a time and conversion basis (e.g., relative contribution of rubber and St partitioning coefficient). A comparison with the commonly used pseudo‐homogeneous MoM model reveals that by accounting for mass transfer in a more representative two‐phase model, the amount of monomer consumed is slightly reduced, the grafting efficiency decreases with increasing conversion instead of increasing, and the styrene composition in the graft copolymer decreases. The current work additionally puts forward two‐phase MoM data to facilitate future benchmarking with other (stochastic) modeling approaches and enables kinetic insights into heterogeneous grafting polymerization, further promoting the production of multiphase industrial polymer products.

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Section: Model Sensitivity Toward Fixed Conversion Value Of Phase Sep...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A two‐phase method of moments model for high‐impact polystyrene phase inversion conversion and molecular properties

Zhu,

Jin,

et al. 2023

AIChE Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This is the case of most polymeric systems, like the styrene‐polystyrene‐polybutadiene immiscible mixture in the manufacturing process of high‐impact polystyrene (HIPS). [ 113 ] An example is shown in Figure 12, taken from the work by Freeguard and Karmarkar [ 114 ] on the HIPS bulk synthesis.…”

Section: General Aspects Of Phase Inversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms and conditions that affect phase inversion processes: A review

2020

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The phenomenon of phase inversion occurs in liquid-liquid dispersions found in a variety of chemical engineering fields. From simple oil-water mixtures to complex polymeric systems, the operating variables that affect this physical phenomenon are discussed in this work. The contribution on this matter by a large number of researchers is critically assessed, outlining both coherent and conflicting results. A detailed review of the mechanisms by which phase inversion takes place is also provided. While this subject has been studied for the past fifty years, this multivariate nonlinear process is This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. not yet comprehensively understood, and this review article aims to describe the conclusions so far reached to provide insight for future research.

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“…As St conversion increases, in the form of free PS and rubber-graft-PS copolymer, the volumes of both phases became approximately equals and the phase inversion phenomenon takes place, where the HIPS final morphology is established. After the phase inversion, the morphology remains almost unchanged during the following polymerization steps (Soto et al 2004;Maffi et al 2020). The salami type particles are the most common morphology in HIPS which confers an appropriate reinforcement to the glassy matrix and it comprises polybutadiene (PB) domains with PS subdomains or occlusions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis strategies in the preparation of high impact polystyrene with different type of particles as the dispersed phase, towards a balance between impact strength and gloss

Enríquez-Medrano¹,

Acuña²,

Morales³

2020

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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Three different synthesis strategies based on the in situ pre-polymerization process were employed in order to obtain High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) with different type (morphology and size) of particles as the dispersed phase, achieved by the use of two styrene-butadiene rubbers (SBR) in the initial recipes. The rubbers used were tapered polystyrene/polybutadiene copolymers with a polystyrene/polybutadiene composition of 10/90 and 40/60 wt%. Results were discussed in terms of physical-chemical, morphological, mechanical and optical parameters. A combination of two or three types of particle morphologies, i.e. salami, core-shell and droplets in the same sample were evidenced by Transmission Electron Microscopy analysis, independently of the strategy employed. The grafting degree, volume fraction of the dispersed phase and impact strength were positively affected by the increase of the amount of 10/90 SBR in the recipe. Several HIPS samples showed a good balance between impact strength and gloss, particularly those obtained from the strategy herein named as melt blending.

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Mechanisms and Conditions that Affect Phase Inversion Processes. The Case of High‐Impact Polystyrene

Cited by 9 publications

References 89 publications

A two‐phase method of moments model for high‐impact polystyrene phase inversion conversion and molecular properties

A two‐phase method of moments model for high‐impact polystyrene phase inversion conversion and molecular properties

Mechanisms and conditions that affect phase inversion processes: A review

Synthesis strategies in the preparation of high impact polystyrene with different type of particles as the dispersed phase, towards a balance between impact strength and gloss

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