Mechanisms and Diversity of Resistance to Insect Pests in Wild Relatives of Groundnut

Sharma, H. C.; Pampapathy, G.; Dwivedi, Sangam L.; Reddy, L. J.

doi:10.1093/jee/96.6.1886

Cited by 48 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In addition, Upadhyaya et al (2011) identified superior accessions of wild peanuts for both agronomic and nutritional quality traits, including days to flowering and high levels of percentage of oil, protein, and sugars. A. batizocoi Subrahmanyam et al ( , 1985c); Stalker (1992) A. benensis Pande and Rao (2001) A. cardenasii Abdou et al (1974); Subrahmanyam et al ( , 1985c; Nigam et al (1991); Stalker (1992) A. decora Pande and Rao (2001) A. diogoi Abdou et al (1974); Subrahmanyam et al ( , 1985c; Nigam et al (1991) A. correntina Subrahmanyam et al ( , 1985c A. duranensis Subrahmanyam et al ( , 1985c Kolawole (1976); Subrahmanyam et al ( , 1985c; Nigam et al (1991); Stalker (1992) A. valida Pande and Rao (2001) A. villosa Subrahmanyam et al ( , 1985c A. batizocoi Subrahmanyam et al ( , 1985c) A. cardenasii Subrahmanyam et al ( , 1985c; Nigam et al (1991);Subranmanyam et al (1980) A. diogoi Subrahmanyam et al (1980Subrahmanyam et al ( , 1985c; Nigam et al (1991) A. correntina Subrahmanyam et al ( , 1985c A. duranensis Subrahmanyam et al ( , 1985c); Pande and Rao (2001) A. helodes A. hoehnei ; Pande and Rao (2001) ; A. kuhlmannii ; Pande and Rao (2001) A. monticola Pande and Rao (2001); Sharma et al (2003) A. stenosperma Subrahmanyam et al ( , 1985c; Nigam et al (1991) A. valida Subrahmanyam et al ( , 1985c) A. villosa Subrahmanyam et al ( , 1985c Amin andMohammad (1980, 1982); Amin (1985); ICRISAT (1990) A. correntina …”

Section: Desirable Traits In Arachis Species For Crop Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing Wild Species for Peanut Improvement

2017

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The cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an allotetraploid species with a very large and complex genome. This species is susceptible to numerous foliar and soil‐borne diseases for which only moderate levels of resistance have been identified in the germplasm collection, but several of the 81 wild species are extremely resistant to many destructive peanut diseases. Peanut species were grouped into nine sections, but only taxa in section Arachis will hybridize with A. hypogaea. Most of these species are diploid, but two aneuploids and two tetraploids also exist in the section. The first peanut cultivars released after interspecific hybridization were ‘Spancross’ and ‘Tamnut 74’ during the 1970s from a cross between A. hypogaea and its tetraploid progenitor. However, introgression of useful genes from diploids has been difficult due to sterility barriers resulting from genomic and ploidy differences. To utilize diploids in section Arachis, direct hybrids have been made between A. hypogaea and diploid species, the chromosome number doubled to the hexaploid level, and then tetraploids recovered with resistances to nematodes, leaf spots, rust, and numerous insect pests. ‘Bailey’, a widely grown Virginia‐type peanut, was released from these materials, and other cultivars are gown in Asia and South America. Alternatively, hybrids between diploid A and B genome species have been made, the chromosome number doubled, and cultivars released with nematode resistance derived from Arachis species. Introgression from Arachis species to A. hypogaea appears to be in large blocks rather than as single genes, and new genotyping strategies should enhance utilization of wild peanut genetic resources.

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Section: Desirable Traits In Arachis Species For Crop Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing Wild Species for Peanut Improvement

2017

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“…Many of the wild Arachis species included in this study were reported resistant to pests and diseases (reviewed in Dwivedi et al 2003Dwivedi et al , 2005Dwivedi et al , 2008. Furthermore, several traits such as main stem thickness, HL, leaflet shape and length, leaf hairiness, SPL and petal markings, basal leaflet width, main stem thickness and hairiness, stipule adnation length and width, and PgL showed significant correlation and/or regression coefficients with damage by Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura, and leafhoppers, which can possibly be used for selection of resistance to these insect pests (Sharma et al 2003). Stalker (1990) was the first to report morphological diversity among 73 wild species accessions that belong to the section, Arachis, with substantial variation detected in leaflet size and shape, branching habit and flower size.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic diversity and identification of wild Arachis accessions with useful agronomic and nutritional traits

et al. 2011

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Wild relatives harbor novel sources of variation, which can be used to enhance the genetic base of a cultivar gene pool. A total of 269 accessions from 20 wild Arachis species belonging to six sections were evaluated for 41 morpho-agronomic traits and 89 selected accessions for oil, protein and total sugar content. Six plants from each accession were grown in an open Arachis house in largecylindrical concrete structures during the 2004-2005 season at Patancheru, India. REML analysis showed significant differences between species and accessions for most of the traits studied. Hierarchical cluster analysis, based on the first five principal component scores accounted for 82.5% variation, resulting in four clusters. Variation in genome relationships and ploidy levels had no bearing on the clustering pattern which was predominated by life forms: clusters 1 and 2, contained mostly annuals and clusters 3 and 4 perennials. A large range of variations were noticed among species for some of the agronomic traits: days to flowering, pod and seed characteristics, specific leaf area (SLA) and for SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR). Arachis duranensis showed the maximum intraspecific variation as revealed by a high diversity index for 23 of the 41 traits which included: days to flowering, primary branches, plant width, pod length, pod width, SCMR and SLA. The other species with desirable traits were A. pusilla (earliest flowering) and A. villosa (high SCMR at 60 and 80 days after sowing). The latter species is cross compatible with cultivated groundnut, thus, is a good source to enhance the trait value in the cultigen's gene pool. The best 20 accessions with superior agronomic, nutritional quality and drought related trait combinations have been identified for their use in introgression of diverse and unique alleles from wild Arachis species into A. hypogaea.

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“…stenosperma ) 4x had the lowest attack indexes. Studies have highlighted the importance of wild species as a source of pest resistance [21, 17]; however, this is the first report of thrip resistance in an amphidiploid peanut species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to thrips (Enneothrips flavens) in wild and amphidiploid Arachis species

et al. 2017

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Thrips (Enneothrips flavens) is a pest that causes severe damage and yield losses to peanut crop if not properly controlled. The main control method currently used by farmers is bi-weekly application of insecticides during crop development, which, in addition to its toxicity, is very costly. Thus, new sources of resistance must be identified in order to reduce the use of insecticides and effectively manage the pest. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and symptoms of E. flavens infestations in 12 accessions of 10 wild species of Arachis and nine amphidiploids, as well as to compare their morphoagronomic characteristics to those of commercial cultivars. To this end, we conducted experiments during two summer seasons, using a randomized block design with four replications. We conducted evaluations of the severity of infestation, noting visual symptoms of E. flavens and morphological and reproductive characteristics of the Arachis plants. Results indicated that wild accessions V 7635 (A. vallsii), V 13250 (A. kempff-mercadoi), K 9484 (A. batizocoi), Wi 1118 (A. williamsii), V 14167 (A. duranensis) and V 13751 (A. magna) are the most promising for obtaining useful new amphidiploids. Among the amphidiploids, An 12 (A. batizocoi x A. kempff-mercadoi)4x, An 9 (A. gregoryi x A. stenosperma) 4x, and An 8 (A. magna x A. cardenasii)4x showed high level of resistance to E. flavens. The identified thrips resistant wild and amphidiploid Arachis species may be used in future breeding program to produce thrips resistant peanut cultivars.

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Mechanisms and Diversity of Resistance to Insect Pests in Wild Relatives of Groundnut

Cited by 48 publications

References 12 publications

Utilizing Wild Species for Peanut Improvement

Utilizing Wild Species for Peanut Improvement

Phenotypic diversity and identification of wild Arachis accessions with useful agronomic and nutritional traits

Resistance to thrips (Enneothrips flavens) in wild and amphidiploid Arachis species

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