Mechanisms and regulation of human mitochondrial transcription

Tan, Benedict G.; Gustafsson, Claes M.; Falkenberg, Maria

doi:10.1038/s41580-023-00661-4

Cited by 25 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 153 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Across metazoans, mtDNA is transcribed by a single subunit RNA polymerase from promoters in the non-coding region of the genome [ 5 ]. This transcription generates long polycistronic transcripts containing mRNAs, rRNAs and tRNAs.…”

Section: Protein Synthesis Mistakes Arising From Transcription Errorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial protein synthesis quality control

Koludarova,

Battersby

2024

Human Molecular Genetics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human mitochondrial DNA is one of the most simplified cellular genomes and facilitates compartmentalized gene expression. Within the organelle, there is no physical barrier to separate transcription and translation, nor is there evidence that quality control surveillance pathways are active to prevent translation on faulty mRNA transcripts. Mitochondrial ribosomes synthesize 13 hydrophobic proteins that require co-translational insertion into the inner membrane of the organelle. To maintain the integrity of the inner membrane, which is essential for organelle function, requires responsive quality control mechanisms to recognize aberrations in protein synthesis. In this review, we explore how defects in mitochondrial protein synthesis can arise due to the culmination of inherent mistakes that occur throughout the steps of gene expression. In turn, we examine the stepwise series of quality control processes that are needed to eliminate any mistakes that would perturb organelle homeostasis. We aim to provide an integrated view on the quality control mechanisms of mitochondrial protein synthesis and to identify promising avenues for future research.

show abstract

Section: Protein Synthesis Mistakes Arising From Transcription Errorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial protein synthesis quality control

Koludarova,

Battersby

2024

Human Molecular Genetics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These differential routes of transcription would justify the 50-fold higher steady-state level of mt-rRNAs compared to that of mt-mRNAs. A recently revisited model proposes that the two mt-rRNAs are transcribed together with all the other H-strand RNAs initiating from the proximal promoter [40]; therefore, the relative abundance of these ncRNAs would be mainly due to their structural stability reinforced by interactions with the MRPs (mitochondrial ribosomal proteins) within the mitoribosome. In any case, both the mitochondrial rRNAs are initially part of a precursor and are delimited at their ends by mt-tRNAPhe, mt-tRNAVal, and mt-tRNALeu UUR .…”

Section: S Mt-rrna and 12s Mt-rrnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Human mtDNA-Encoded Long ncRNAs: Knotty Molecules and Complex Functions

Bruni

2024

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Until a few decades ago, most of our knowledge of RNA transcription products was focused on protein-coding sequences, which were later determined to make up the smallest portion of the mammalian genome. Since 2002, we have learnt a great deal about the intriguing world of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly due to the rapid development of bioinformatic tools and next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms. Moreover, interest in non-human ncRNAs and their functions has increased as a result of these technologies and the accessibility of complete genome sequences of species ranging from Archaea to primates. Despite not producing proteins, ncRNAs constitute a vast family of RNA molecules that serve a number of regulatory roles and are essential for cellular physiology and pathology. This review focuses on a subgroup of human ncRNAs, namely mtDNA-encoded long non-coding RNAs (mt-lncRNAs), which are transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and whose disparate localisations and functions are linked as much to mitochondrial metabolism as to cellular physiology and pathology.

show abstract

“…Most of the Metazoan mtDNA is circular having 12-13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNA), and 22 transfer RNAs (tRNA), and the size usually ranges from 14 to 17 kb. The non-coding contains the elements that control the initiation of replication and transcription (Tan et al, 2024). Size variation in mtDNA is usually due to the presence of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) followed by their polymorphism throughout the mitogenome, which can be utilized as repeat-mediated recombination and thus influence the diversity (Jiang et al, 2023;Sharbrough et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purifying selection and intraspecies recombination may drive the speciation in Crassostrea: evidence from complete mitochondria sequence ofCrassostrea hongkongensisand comparative genomic analysis

Sahu,

Fazil,

Panda

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Repeat dynamics and recombination play a crucial role during the evolution of the mitochondrial genome in plants and animals. However, this phenomenon has got less attention within Crassostrea, a complex marine species found worldwide having high commercial value as well as efficient carbon neutralizer. During this study, we characterized the whole mitochondrial genomes of C. hongkongensis retrieved from transcriptome data (GenBank acc. no. MZ073671). The current mitochondrial genome (18,616 bp) was composed of a non-coding control region (D-loop region), 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA genes), 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and 23 transfer RNA (tRNA). Furthermore, comparative genomics analysis revealed that the present isolate is closely related to the Chinese isolate (NC_011518) with 99.82% similarity. Microsatellite analysis within the mitochondrial genome revealed its bias towards mononucleotide repeat A/T, di-nucleotide AG followed by AT and AC, trinucleotide AAT followed by AAG, ATC, and ATG. The recombination analysis deciphered the lack of interspecific recombination, but the presence of intraspecific recombination within ND1, ND2, and ND4L of Crassostrea species. Selection pressure analysis revealed the presence of purifying selection within maximum genes which drive the evolution of the species.

show abstract

Mechanisms and regulation of human mitochondrial transcription

Cited by 25 publications

References 153 publications

Mitochondrial protein synthesis quality control

Mitochondrial protein synthesis quality control

Human mtDNA-Encoded Long ncRNAs: Knotty Molecules and Complex Functions

Purifying selection and intraspecies recombination may drive the speciation in Crassostrea: evidence from complete mitochondria sequence ofCrassostrea hongkongensisand comparative genomic analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About