Mechanisms and regulation underlying membraneless organelle plasticity control

Ismail, Hazrat; Liu, Xu; Yang, Fengrui; Li, Junying; Zahid, Ayesha; Dou, Zhen; Liu, Xing; Yao, Xuebiao

doi:10.1093/jmcb/mjab028

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 205 publications

(274 reference statements)

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“…Sometimes biophysics introduces brand new concepts into physics, such as active matter. More complex models for membraneless organelles involving concepts beyond passive matter were proposed recently [79]; for a review, see [80].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyelectrolytes: From Seminal Works to the Influence of the Charge Sequence

Lee,

Chae,

Jung

et al. 2023

Polymers

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We propose a selected tour of the physics of polyelectrolytes (PE) following the line initiated by de Gennes and coworkers in their seminal 1976 paper. The early works which used uniform charge distributions along the PE backbone achieved tremendous progress and set most milestones in the field. Recently, the focus has shifted to the role of the charge sequence. Revisited topics include PE complexation and polyampholytes (PA). We develop the example of a random PE in poor solvent forming pearl-necklace structures. It is shown that the pearls typically adopt very asymmetric mass and charge distributions. Individual sequences do not necessarily reflect the ensemble statistics and a rich variety of behaviors emerges (specially for PA). Pearl necklaces are dynamic structures and switch between various types of pearl-necklace structures, as described for both PE and PA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyelectrolytes: From Seminal Works to the Influence of the Charge Sequence

Lee,

Chae,

Jung

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…2,68,69,[122][123][124][125] Conditions such as concentration, pH, proteinprotein or protein-RNA interactions, and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of condensate components can alter the strength of molecular multivalent interactions and thus regulate the process of LLPS. 126 For example, pathological LLPS of TDP-43 via LCD interactions induces TDP-43 inclusion formation while RNA binding inhibits TDP-43 LCD interactions, promoting normal SG formation. TDP-43 targeting oligonucleotides reverse aberrant LLPS of TDP-43 and rescue neurotoxicity.…”

Section: Liquid-liquid Phase Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting stress granules in neurodegenerative diseases: A focus on biological function and dynamics disorders

Fang,

Liu,

Huang

et al. 2023

BioFactors

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Stress granules (SGs) are membraneless organelles formed by eukaryotic cells in response to stress to promote cell survival through their pleiotropic cytoprotective effects. SGs recruit a variety of components to enhance their physiological function, and play a critical role in the propagation of pathological proteins, a key factor in neurodegeneration. Recent advances indicate that SG dynamic disorders exacerbate neuronal susceptibility to stress in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) including Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Huntington's disease (HD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we outline the biological functions of SGs, highlight SG dynamic disorders in NDs, and emphasize therapeutic approaches for enhancing SG dynamics to provide new insights into ND intervention.

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“…Eukaryotic cells are equipped with organelles that generate distinct chemical microenvironments to facilitate various biological processes. Through spatial segregation, various proteins and macromolecules are compartmentalized within subcellular structures, allowing the precise spatial and temporal control of complex biochemical reactions 4 . In addition to membrane-bound organelles, membraneless structures, such as stress granules (SGs), Cajal bodies, and promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies (NBs),are essential for maintaining the normal functionality of eukaryotic cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid‒liquid phase separation: roles and implications in future cancer treatment

Liu¹,

Qin²,

Liu³

et al. 2023

Int. J. Biol. Sci.

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Liquid‒liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a phenomenon driven by weak interactions between biomolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, that leads to the formation of distinct liquid-like condensates. Through LLPS, membraneless condensates are formed, selectively concentrating specific proteins while excluding other molecules to maintain normal cellular functions. Emerging evidence shows that cancer-related mutations cause aberrant condensate assembly, resulting in disrupted signal transduction, impaired DNA repair, and abnormal chromatin organization and eventually contributing to tumorigenesis. The objective of this review is to summarize recent advancements in understanding the potential implications of LLPS in the contexts of cancer progression and therapeutic interventions. By interfering with LLPS, it may be possible to restore normal cellular processes and inhibit tumor progression. The underlying mechanisms and potential drug targets associated with LLPS in cancer are discussed, shedding light on promising opportunities for novel therapeutic interventions.

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Mechanisms and regulation underlying membraneless organelle plasticity control

Cited by 24 publications

References 205 publications

Polyelectrolytes: From Seminal Works to the Influence of the Charge Sequence

Polyelectrolytes: From Seminal Works to the Influence of the Charge Sequence

Targeting stress granules in neurodegenerative diseases: A focus on biological function and dynamics disorders

Liquid‒liquid phase separation: roles and implications in future cancer treatment

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