Mechanisms by Which Ambient Humidity May Affect Viruses in Aerosols

Yang, Wan; Marr, Linsey C.

doi:10.1128/aem.01658-12

Cited by 190 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…A lower fraction of IFVs are inactivated in the VIVAS compared with the BioSampler due to a much lower flow rate at each nozzle of the VIVAS (6.86 L/min distributed over 32 nozzles vs. 6.86 L/min over 3 nozzles). The sudden rehydration of IFVs, as occurs in an impinger, can also affect their viability (Yang and Marr 2012). The gradual rehydration in the VIVAS may serve to better maintain the viability of IFVs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly efficient collection of infectious pandemic influenza H1N1 virus (2009) through laminar-flow water based condensation

Lednicky

Pan

Loeb

et al. 2016

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly efficient collection of infectious pandemic influenza H1N1 virus (2009) through laminar-flow water based condensation

Lednicky

Pan

Loeb

et al. 2016

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…32 Generally, enveloped viruses survive better at lower RH, but there are many exceptions. 28 Other factors that affect aerosol activation in relation to RH include evaporative activity (ie, dehydration, rehydration), surface areas of particles, and pH. 28…”

Section: Environmental Factors That Influence Airborne Microbial Survmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generic aspects of the airborne spread of human pathogens indoors and emerging air decontamination technologies

Ijaz

Zargar

Wright

et al. 2016

American Journal of Infection Control

106

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Indoor air can be an important vehicle for a variety of human pathogens. This review provides examples of airborne transmission of infectious agents from experimental and field studies and discusses how airborne pathogens can contaminate other parts of the environment to give rise to secondary vehicles leading air-surface-air nexus with possible transmission to susceptible hosts. The following groups of human pathogens are covered because of their known or potential airborne spread: vegetative bacteria (staphylococci and legionellae), fungi (Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Cladosporium spp and Stachybotrys chartarum), enteric viruses (noro- and rotaviruses), respiratory viruses (influenza and coronaviruses), mycobacteria (tuberculous and nontuberculous), and bacterial spore formers (Clostridium difficile and Bacillus anthracis). An overview of methods for experimentally generating and recovering airborne human pathogens is included, along with a discussion of factors that influence microbial survival in indoor air. Available guidelines from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and other global regulatory bodies for the study of airborne pathogens are critically reviewed with particular reference to microbial surrogates that are recommended. Recent developments in experimental facilities to contaminate indoor air with microbial aerosols are presented, along with emerging technologies to decontaminate indoor air under field-relevant conditions. Furthermore, the role that air decontamination may play in reducing the contamination of environmental surfaces and its combined impact on interrupting the risk of pathogen spread in both domestic and institutional settings is discussed.

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“…Temperature can affect microscopically by altering the structure of viral proteins (including proteins that are involved in viral entry and replication) and genome, and could also affect macroscopically by setting up large exchange air flows in space due to temperature difference (Tang, 2009). The influence of humidity on virus survival is mainly related to whether the virus has lipid envelopes or not (Yang & Marr, 2012). But it is important to note that humidity and temperature can interact to affect the survival of viruses in aerosols, viruses decay rapidly in dry and hot environments, and only 4.7% survival over 60 min procedure (Pyankov Oleg, Bodnev Sergey, Pyankova Olga, & Agranovski Igor, 2017).…”

Section: Factors Affecting Airborne Transmission In Nosocomial Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that infectivity of viral aerosols could be reduced by ultraviolet radiation (Jordan, 1961;McDevitt et al, 2012;Walker & Ko, 2007). Higher salt content in the viral aerosols could reduce viability of the viral particles (Yang & Marr, 2012), while organic materials (e.g. blood, feces, mucus and saliva) could buffer against extreme environmental stress on viral particles in aerosols (Tang, 2009).…”

Section: Factors Affecting Airborne Transmission In Nosocomial Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of viral bioaerosols in nosocomial infections and measures for prevention and control

Bing-Yuan

Zhang

Leung

et al. 2018

Journal of Aerosol Science

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A B S T R A C TThe presence of patients with diverse pathologies in hospitals results in an environment that can be rich in various microorganisms including respiratory and enteric viruses, leading to outbreaks in hospitals or spillover infections to the community. All hospital patients are at risk of nosocomial viral infections, but vulnerable groups such as older adults, children and immuno-compromised/-suppressed patients are at particular risk of severe outcomes including prolonged hospitalization or death. These pathogens could transmit through direct or indirect physical contact, droplets or aerosols, with increasing evidence suggesting the importance of aerosol transmission in nosocomial infections of respiratory and enteric viruses. Factors affecting the propensity to transmit and the severity of disease transmitted via the aerosol route include the biological characteristics affecting infectivity of the viruses and susceptibility of the host, the physical properties of aerosol particles, and the environmental stresses that alter these properties such as temperature and humidity. Non-specific systematic and individual-based interventions designed to mitigate the aerosol route are available although empirical evidence of their effectiveness in controlling transmission of respiratory and enteric viruses in healthcare settings are sparse. The relative importance of aerosol transmission in healthcare setting is still an on-going debate, with particular challenge being the recovery of infectious viral bioaerosols from real-life settings and the difficulty in delineating transmission events that may also be a result of other modes of transmission. For the prevention and control of nosocomial infections via the aerosol route, more research is needed on identifying settings, medical procedures or equipment that may be associated with an increased risk of aerosol transmission, including defining which procedures are aerosol-generating; and on the effectiveness of systematic interventions on aerosol transmission of respiratory and enteric viruses in healthcare settings.

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Mechanisms by Which Ambient Humidity May Affect Viruses in Aerosols

Cited by 190 publications

References 62 publications

Highly efficient collection of infectious pandemic influenza H1N1 virus (2009) through laminar-flow water based condensation

Highly efficient collection of infectious pandemic influenza H1N1 virus (2009) through laminar-flow water based condensation

Generic aspects of the airborne spread of human pathogens indoors and emerging air decontamination technologies

Role of viral bioaerosols in nosocomial infections and measures for prevention and control

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