Mechanisms by Which Genetically Controlled Resistance and Virulence Influence Host Colonization by Fungal and Bacterial Parasites

Crute, I. R.; Wit, P.J.G.M. de; Wade, Mark T.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-5145-7_7

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 421 publications

(215 reference statements)

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“…In the host plant we now distinguish between physiological (active) and morphological (passive) types of resistance (Crute et al 1985). The resistance factors or components of physiological resistance, involving the establishment of the initial infection, and the resistance to penetration is decisive as concerns the severity of the visual symptoms on the glumes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Types and components of resistance to Fusarium head blight of wheat

1995

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Resistance of wheat to Fusarium head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum was identified in natural epidemics in 1985 and 1987 as well after artificial inoculations (1983-1988 and 1984-1987). Out of 25 genotypes tested, five were identified with no significant difference in head blight scores, but differing significantly in yield after artificial inoculation, i.e. tolerance differences were detected at different resistance levels. Some genotypes that were similar in yield or head blight scores differed in seed infection severity. Genotypes with awns were more susceptible to head blight when tested under natural epidemic condition in the field; but this trait did not influence head blight severity in artificial inoculations. Dwarf genotypes were more severely infected by head blight than tall genotypes under natural conditions, but genotypes of different plant height classes were similarly susceptible after artificial inoculations. In the early generations of a breeding programme resistance measured by visual evaluation of artificial inoculation is the most important way to screen. If selection of dwarf and awned genotypes cannot be avoided, the higher susceptibility caused by awns and dwarfness under natural epidemic conditions can be decreased by a higher level of physiological resistance, as variability in physiological resistance is available. In later generations, traits like percentage of seed infection or tolerance can be identified by additionally measuring yield reduction. Stability of disease reaction appears to be connected with resistance level, the most resistant genotypes are the most stable, and the most susceptible ones tend to have more unstable reactions in different epidemic conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant resistance to head blight includes active, passive and/or tolerance mechanisms. Active resistance includes physiological processes (Crute et al 1985). Passive resistance includes morphological features, such as avoidance, when genotypes allow the plant to escape infection during its most susceptible stage (Wiese 1985).…”

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confidence: 99%

Types and components of resistance to Fusarium head blight of wheat

1995

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“…Besides affecting the pathogen, a micro-organism intended to control Dutch elm disease may exert some effect on the host tree: bacterial compounds, or fungal ones in the case of Trichoderma or the non-aggressive O. ulmi in the experiments mentioned above, probably trigger the host defences by acting as ehcitors (CRUTE et al 1985), or by inducing or producmg them. The ultimate effect of the biological control treatment thus may be an increased resistance of the host, referred to as 'induced resistance'.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mechanisms Involved in Biological Control of Dutch Elm Disease

Scheffer

1990

Journal of Phytopathology

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An effective suppression of Dutch elm disease symptom development was observed in elms resistant to the non‐aggressive strain of Ophiostoma ulmi, but not to the aggressive strain, after a preventive treatment by this non‐aggressive strain. Anequally effective isolate of Verticillium dabliae suppressed symptom development even in the very susceptible field elm (Ulmus carpinifolia). Induction of resistance is proposed for the major mechanism explaining these and earlier experiments. The primary stimuli initiating a resistance reaction are unknown, but the intermediates of the univalent reduction of oxygen may play a role. In an experiment the activities of two groups of enzymes involved in the catalytical scavenging of these radicals, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, were monitored, but no correlation with induction of resistance was observed. Resistant elms showed the highest activities, probably reflecting a more effective defence against radicals than susceptible ones.

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“…Réponse à deux niveaux Keen (1982Keen ( , 1986 (Doke et al, 1987) (Kiraly, 1980;Van Loon, 1982;Goodman et al, 1986;Ward, 1986 (Van Loon, 1982;Ward, 1986 Grisebach et Ebel (1978), Stoessl (1980Stoessl ( , 1983, Bailey (1982aBailey ( , 1982bBailey ( , 1983), Darvill et Albersheim (1984), Brooks et Watson (1985), Crute et al (1985), Kuc et Rush (1985), Ebel (1986), Keen (1986) (Cruickshank et Perrin, 1960Perrin, , 1963Perrin et Bottomley, 1962 (Paxton, 1981) (Coxon, 1982). La majeure partie des études concerne toutefois les seules légumineuses (Ingham, 1982) et solanacées (Kuc, 1982).…”

Section: Déterminisme Génétiqueunclassified

Les phytoalexines et leur intervention dans la résistance hypersensible aux champignons phytopathogènes

Rouxel¹

1989

Agronomie

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Mechanisms by Which Genetically Controlled Resistance and Virulence Influence Host Colonization by Fungal and Bacterial Parasites

Cited by 16 publications

References 421 publications

Types and components of resistance to Fusarium head blight of wheat

Types and components of resistance to Fusarium head blight of wheat

Mechanisms Involved in Biological Control of Dutch Elm Disease

Les phytoalexines et leur intervention dans la résistance hypersensible aux champignons phytopathogènes

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