Mechanisms, causes, investigation and management of vomiting disorders in cats: a literature review

Batchelor, Daniel J.; Devauchelle, Patrick; Elliott, Jonathan; Elwood, Clive; Freiche, Valérie; Gualtieri, M.; Hall, Edward J; Hertog, E. den; Neiger, Reto; Peeters, Dominique; Roura, Xavier; Savary-Bataille, Karine; German, Alexander J.

doi:10.1177/1098612x12473466

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 314 publications

(313 reference statements)

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“…The authors read the titles, abstracts, and/or full text of the publications yielded in the database searches to determine study eligibility. Those articles meeting inclusion criteria were reviewed and were awarded an “Experimental Design Grade” (EDG), a scoring system of strongest (I) to weakest (V) evidence modified from a grading system published by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (Table 1 ) ( 30 – 33 ). Articles were also assigned an “Evidence Grade” (EG) of strongest (A) to weakest (C) evidence based on the type of outcome being measured, modified from a previously devised scoring system assessing quality of data (Table 2 ) ( 34 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2016

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Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a disease characterized by protracted and potentially debilitating oral inflammation in cats, the etiology of which is currently unknown. The purpose of this review is to apply an evidence-based medicine approach to systematically review and critically evaluate the scientific literature reporting the outcome of medical and surgical management of FCGS. Those articles meeting inclusion criteria were reviewed and assigned an “Experimental Design Grade” (EDG) and an “Evidence Grade” (EG) in order to score relative strength of study design and produced data. Studies were evaluated and compared, especially highlighting the treatments, the outcomes, and the therapeutic success rates. This review found a lack of consistency between articles’ data, rendering direct comparison of results unreliable. The field of FCGS research, and ultimately patient care, would benefit from standardizing studies by adopting use of a consistent semi-quantitative scoring system and extending follow-up duration. Future researchers should commit to large prospective studies that compare existing treatments and demonstrate the promise of new treatments.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2016

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“…It has been used for treatment of vomiting in dogs undergoing cisplatin-chemotherapy (Vail et al, 2007 ) but also has efficacy against vomiting in other indications including parvoviral enteritis and pancreatitis (de la Puente-Redondo et al, 2007 ) as well as blocking vomiting induced by hydromorphone when used as a surgical premedication (Claude et al, 2014 ) and motion sickness (Benchaoui et al, 2007a ). Maropitant is available for prevention of vomiting in cats (Batchelor et al, 2013 ). Other anti-emetics used in humans such as metoclopramide and ondansetron have also found veterinary use (Kenward et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: The 1980s: a New Era In Control Of Nausea And Vomiting Prompmentioning

confidence: 99%

A History of Drug Discovery for Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting and the Implications for Future Research

Sanger

Andrews

2018

Front. Pharmacol.

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The origins of the major classes of current anti-emetics are examined. Serendipity is a recurrent theme in discovery of their anti-emetic properties and repurposing from one indication to another is a continuing trend. Notably, the discoveries have occurred against a background of company mergers and changing anti-emetic requirements. Major drug classes include: (i) Muscarinic receptor antagonists–originated from historical accounts of plant extracts containing atropine and hyoscine with development stimulated by the need to prevent sea-sickness among soldiers during beach landings; (ii) Histamine receptor antagonists–searching for replacements for the anti-malaria drug quinine, in short supply because of wartime shipping blockade, facilitated the discovery of histamine (H1) antagonists (e.g., dimenhydrinate), followed by serendipitous discovery of anti-emetic activity against motion sickness in a patient undergoing treatment for urticaria; (iii) Phenothiazines and dopamine receptor antagonists–investigations of their pharmacology as “sedatives” (e.g., chlorpromazine) implicated dopamine receptors in emesis, leading to development of selective dopamine (D2) receptor antagonists (e.g., domperidone with poor ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier) as anti-emetics in chemotherapy and surgery; (iv) Metoclopramide and selective 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists–metoclopramide was initially assumed to act only via D2 receptor antagonism but subsequently its gastric motility stimulant effect (proposed to contribute to the anti-emetic action) was shown to be due to 5-hydroxytryptamine4 receptor agonism. Pre-clinical studies showed that anti-emetic efficacy against the newly-introduced, highly emetic, chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin was due to antagonism at 5-HT3 receptors. The latter led to identification of selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (e.g., granisetron), a major breakthrough in treatment of chemotherapy-induced emesis; (v) Neurokinin1 receptor antagonists–antagonists of the actions of substance P were developed as analgesics but pre-clinical studies identified broad-spectrum anti-emetic effects; clinical studies showed particular efficacy in the delayed phase of chemotherapy-induced emesis. Finally, the repurposing of different drugs for treatment of nausea and vomiting is examined, particularly during palliative care, and also the challenges in identifying novel anti-emetic drugs, particularly for treatment of nausea as compared to vomiting. We consider the lessons from the past for the future and ask why there has not been a major breakthrough in the last 20 years.

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“…[19][20][21][22] This selfperpetuating process presumably gives rise to an abdominal mass, while structural alterations to the stomach, intestines, mesenteric lymph nodes, enteric nervous system and lymphatic drainage result in vomiting, diarrhoea and poor appetite. 23,24 it would be informative to perform cytokine profiling from affected cats. 25 Eosinophilia, as in previous studies, was the most consistent haematological abnormality in this series of cats with FGESF, being evident in 5/11 cases.…”

Section: Aetiopathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia: 13 cases and review of an emerging clinical entity

Linton¹,

Nimmo

Norris

et al. 2015

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

135

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Patients were treated with a variable combination of cytoreduction (debulking and biopsy, to complete surgical resection), immunosuppressive therapy and antimicrobial agents. Many cats had a poor outcome, which was attributable to late diagnosis combined with suboptimal management. It is hoped that suggestions outlined in the discussion may improve clinical outcomes and long-term survival in future cases.

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Mechanisms, causes, investigation and management of vomiting disorders in cats: a literature review

Cited by 22 publications

References 314 publications

Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature

A History of Drug Discovery for Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting and the Implications for Future Research

Feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia: 13 cases and review of an emerging clinical entity

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