“…These defects consisted of, areas where the TBC was detached from the TGO and bond coat, Figure 18, areas where cracks initiated at locations where transient oxides had formed in the TGO, Figure 19, oxide protrusions that extended into the bond coat due to reactive element oxidation, Figure 17c, and oxide inclusions that were in the as-processed bond coats. To examine the fracture path of the TBCs as a function of exposure time, an indent test (12) was used to cause failure of the TBC at times shorter than that caused by cyclic oxidation. The results obtained from this test are presented in Figure 20.…”