Mechanisms for the generation of reactive oxygen species in plant defence – a broad perspective

Bolwell, G. Paul; Wojtaszek, Przemysław

doi:10.1006/pmpp.1997.0129

Cited by 529 publications

(313 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…invasion of pathogen) as well as abiotic stress (e.g. heat-shock) has been confirmed (Baker and Orlandi 1995;Bolwell and Wojtaszek 1997;Gulen and Eris 2004). Peroxidases (POXs) represent one of the important groups of enzymes, which participate in the metabolism of ROS in plants (Fig.…”

Section: Involvement and Activity Of Antioxidant Enzymes In Plant Sysmentioning

confidence: 95%

Resistance mechanisms of wild tomato germplasm to infection of Oidium neolycopersici

et al. 2013

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Tomato powdery mildew (Oidium neolycopersici) is one of the most devastating diseases of cultivated tomatoes worldwide. Although the first epidemics were recorded more than 25 years ago many aspects of this host-pathogen interaction are still not well understood. Detailed morphological and molecular studies of the anamorphs confirmed that O. neolycopersici is phylogeneticaly close to Erysiphe aquilegiae var. ranunculi. Host range is rather broad, apart from Solanaceae hosts were found in the families Apocynaceae, Campanulaceae, Crassulaceae, Cistaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Linaceae, Malvaceae, Papaveraceae, Pedialiaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Valerianaceae a Violaceae. Non-host resistance within these families is not based on inhibition of formation of primary haustorium, however, on post-haustorial hypersensitive reponse and another type of non-hypersensitive resistance. Screening of wild Solanum species (previous Lycopersicon spp.) germplasm revealed valuable sources of resistance (S. habrochaites, S. pennellii, S. cheesmaniae, S. chilense, S. peruvianum). The main resistance mechanism was found to be a hypersensitive response (HR), in some cases followed by limited development of the pathogen. However, there is a broad variation in resistance response on the histological and cytological level. Interaction between many wild Solanum spp. and O. neolycopersici is race-specific, at least three races were differentiated. In some interspecific crosses (S. lycopersicum × S. habrochaites) adult plant resistance was observed. Biochemical studies focusing on production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxidase activity during infection of O. neolycopersici showed that production of ROS and activity of corresponding enzymes is related to activation of defence responses in genotypes of wild Solanum sect. Lycopersicon. The significance of nitric oxide (NO) in O. neolycopersici pathogenesis was supported by experiments with NO donors and scavengers. In moderately resistant genotype S. chmielewskii, treatment by heat stress caused slight deceleration of pathogen development, increased production of jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) and increased peroxidase activity in infected plants. The different degree of tomato resistance/ susceptibility did not markedly change the rate and extent of photosynthetic response to O. neolycopersici; only minimal impairment of photosynthesis was found in both susceptible and moderately resistant genotypes during the Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, UK first 9 days after inoculation. The accumulated evidence confirm a crucial role of localised increased production of ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in response to pathogen penetration into plant tissue and its involvement in the plant resistance responses including the initiation and progression of plant cell death in host wild Solanum species. Crucial points of further research are discussed.

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Section: Involvement and Activity Of Antioxidant Enzymes In Plant Sysmentioning

confidence: 95%

Resistance mechanisms of wild tomato germplasm to infection of Oidium neolycopersici

et al. 2013

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“…Potential enzymatic sources include a plasma membrane-located NADPH oxidase (Desikan et al, 1998b;Keller et al, 1998;Torres et al, 1998), cell wall-bound peroxidases, and amine oxidase (Bolwell and Wojtaszek, 1997). Other sources of ROS include electron transport processes in chloroplasts and mitochondria, and photooxidative stress in peroxisomes (Noctor and Foyer, 1998;Dat et al, 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

Regulation of the Arabidopsis Transcriptome by Oxidative Stress

Mackerness²,

et al. 2001

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Oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance in the accumulation and removal of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), is a challenge faced by all aerobic organisms. In plants, exposure to various abiotic and biotic stresses results in accumulation of H2O2 and oxidative stress. Increasing evidence indicates that H2O2functions as a stress signal in plants, mediating adaptive responses to various stresses. To analyze cellular responses to H2O2, we have undertaken a large-scale analysis of the Arabidopsis transcriptome during oxidative stress. Using cDNA microarray technology, we identified 175 non-redundant expressed sequence tags that are regulated by H2O2. Of these, 113 are induced and 62 are repressed by H2O2. A substantial proportion of these expressed sequence tags have predicted functions in cell rescue and defense processes. RNA-blot analyses of selected genes were used to verify the microarray data and extend them to demonstrate that other stresses such as wilting, UV irradiation, and elicitor challenge also induce the expression of many of these genes, both independently of, and, in some cases, via H2O2.

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“…2a). The production of hydrogen peroxide is mediated by several enzymes like peroxidases, oxalate oxidase, NADPH oxidase and amine oxidases (Bolwell and Wojtaszek 1997). NADH peroxidase mediated H 2 O 2 production in magnetoprimed pea seeds may result in cell wall loosening and subsequent cell division leading to faster germination.…”

Section: Free Radical Production and Scavenging By Antioxidant Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrogen peroxide acts as a priming factor that brings about changes at proteome, transcriptome and hormonal levels thereby promoting germination in pea (Barba-Espin et al 2011). H 2 O 2 production in the plants results from the reactions catalysed by cell wall associated NADH peroxidase, oxalate oxidases, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (reduced) (NADPH) oxidase and amine oxidases (Bolwell and Wojtaszek 1997). In our earlier studies, we found that magnetic field resulted in enhanced production of reactive oxygen species mediated by cell wall peroxidase in soybean (Shine et al 2012 At cellular level, ROS are also known to regulate the cellular redox status, to cause the carbonylation of proteins and to trigger specific gene expression (Bailly et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed magnetic field improves seed quality of aged green pea seeds by homeostasis of free radical content

et al. 2016

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To elucidate the mechanism responsible for magnetic field induced seed invigoration in aged seeds an experiment was conducted on six year old garden pea seeds stored under controlled (20°C and 40% RH) condition. Aged seeds were magnetoprimed by exposing to pulsed magnetic field (PMF) of 100 mT for 1 h in three pulsed modes. The 6 min on and off PMF showed significant improvement in germination (7.6%) and vigor (84.8%) over aged seeds. Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production increased in germinating primed seeds by 27 and 52%, respectively, over aged seeds. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced) (NADH) peroxidase and superoxide dismutase involved in generation of hydrogen peroxide showed increased activity in PMF primed seeds. Increase in catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activity after 36 h of imbibition in primed seeds demonstrated its involvement in seed recovery during magnetopriming. An increase in total antioxidants also helped in maintaining the level of free radicals for promoting germination of magnetoprimed seeds. A 44% increase in level of protein carbonyls after 36 h indicated involvement of protein oxidation for counteracting and/or utilizing the production of ROS and faster mobilization of reserve proteins. Higher production of free radicals in primed seeds did not cause lipid peroxidation as malondialdehyde content was low. Lipoxygenase was involved in the germination associated events as the magnitude of activity was higher in primed aged seeds compared to aged seeds. Our study elucidated that PMF mediated improvement in seed quality of aged pea seeds was facilitated by fine tuning of free radicals by the antioxidant defense system and protein oxidation.

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Mechanisms for the generation of reactive oxygen species in plant defence – a broad perspective

Cited by 529 publications

References 84 publications

Resistance mechanisms of wild tomato germplasm to infection of Oidium neolycopersici

Resistance mechanisms of wild tomato germplasm to infection of Oidium neolycopersici

Regulation of the Arabidopsis Transcriptome by Oxidative Stress

Pulsed magnetic field improves seed quality of aged green pea seeds by homeostasis of free radical content

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