Mechanisms guiding primordial germ cell migration: strategies from different organisms

Richardson, Brian E.; Lehmann, Ruth

doi:10.1038/nrm2815

Cited by 440 publications

(427 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…1 and 2) (Chiquoine 1954;Ginsburg et al 1990). They migrate to the developing hindgut endoderm at E7.75, into the mesentery at E9.5, and colonize the genital ridges at E10.5 (Tam and Snow 1981;Molyneaux et al 2001;Seki et al 2007;Richardson and Lehmann 2010). A key event that occurs in PGCs during this proliferative phase both in the male and female is epigenetic reprogramming-most notably, a genome-wide DNA demethylation that includes the erasure of genomic imprinting ( Fig.…”

Section: Germ Cell Development In Micementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, the germ cell lineage is set aside from the somatic lineages early in development, either through localized maternal determinants (most typically referred to as germ plasm) or induction from pluripotent embryonic cells (Box 1). In many animals, primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the first germline cell population (Saitou and Yamaji 2010), which colonize the developing gonads by active migration (Richardson and Lehmann 2010). In the gonads, PGCs initiate differentiation either toward a spermatogenic (male) or an oogenic (female) pathway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primordial Germ Cells in Mice

Saitou

Yamaji

2012

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

352

307

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SUMMARYGerm cell development creates totipotency through genetic as well as epigenetic regulation of the genome function. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the first germ cell population established during development and are immediate precursors for both the oocytes and spermatogonia. We here summarize recent findings regarding the mechanism of PGC development in mice. We focus on the transcriptional and signaling mechanism for PGC specification, potential pluripotency, and epigenetic reprogramming in PGCs and strategies for the reconstitution of germ cell development using pluripotent stem cells in culture. Continued studies on germ cell development may lead to the generation of totipotency in vitro, which should have a profound influence on biological science as well as on medicine.

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Section: Germ Cell Development In Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primordial Germ Cells in Mice

Saitou

Yamaji

2012

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

352

307

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“…Cell migration is an essential physiological function that is tightly regulated in numerous biological processes, including development, tissue remodeling, wound healing, and tumor metastasis (1,2). These processes require coordination of dynamic reorganization between the actin filaments and microtubules.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Microtubule Plus End Tracking Protein TIP150 Interacts with Cortactin to Steer Directional Cell Migration

Adams

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2016

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Cell migration is orchestrated by dynamic interactions of microtubules with the plasma membrane cortex. How these interactions facilitate these dynamic processes is still being actively investigated. TIP150 is a newly characterized microtubule plus end tracking protein essential for mitosis and entosis (Ward, T., Wang, M., Liu, X., Wang, Z., Xia, P., Chu, Y., Wang, X., Liu, L., Jiang, K., Yu, H., Yan, M., Wang, J., Hill, D. L., Huang, Y., Zhu, T., and Yao, X. (2013) Regulation of a dynamic interaction between two microtubule-binding proteins, EB1 and TIP150, by the mitotic p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) orchestrates kinetochore microtubule plasticity and chromosome stability during mitosis. J. Biol. Chem. 288, 15771-15785; Xia, P., Zhou, J., Song, X., Wu, B., Liu, X., Li, D., Zhang, S., Wang, Z., Yu, H., Ward, T., Zhang, J., Li, Y., Wang, X., Chen, Y., Guo, Z., and Yao, X. (2014) Aurora A orchestrates entosis by regulating a dynamic MCAK-TIP150 interaction. J. Mol. Cell Biol. 6, 240 -254). Here we show that TIP150 links dynamic microtubules to steer cell migration by interacting with cortactin. Mechanistically, TIP150 binds to cortactin via its C-terminal tail. Interestingly, the C-terminal TIP150 proline-rich region (CT150) binds to the Src homology 3 domain of cortactin specifically, and such an interaction is negatively regulated by EGF-elicited tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin. Importantly, suppression of TIP150 or overexpression of phospho-mimicking cortactin inhibits polarized cell migration. In addition, CT150 disrupts the biochemical interaction between TIP150 and cortactin in vitro, and perturbation of the TIP150-cortactin interaction in vivo using a membrane-permeable TAT-CT150 peptide results in an inhibition of directional cell migration. We reason that a dynamic TIP150-cortactin interaction orchestrates directional cell migration via coupling dynamic microtubule plus ends to the cortical cytoskeleton.Cell migration is an essential physiological function that is tightly regulated in numerous biological processes, including development, tissue remodeling, wound healing, and tumor metastasis (1, 2). These processes require coordination of dynamic reorganization between the actin filaments and microtubules.Cortactin (CTN) 6 is a multidomain-containing scaffold protein that consists of an N-terminal acidic domain, six and a half tandem repeats, an ␣ helix, a proline-rich region, and an Src Homology (SH3) domain at its C terminus (3). CTN is an important scaffold for promoting the polymerization and rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton (4). Functionally, CTN, distributed at protrusions and the leading edges, is necessary for cell migration by regulating intercellular adhesion and cell spreading (5). Importantly, CTN is phosphorylated at tyrosine residues in response to growth factor receptors, which regulates cell migration (6).Microtubules, one of the three major components of the cytoskeleton, are required for maintaining the physical and plastic properties of migrating cells (7). The plus en...

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“…We will focus on genetic regulation of these processes, leaving detailed discussion of the cell biological changes associated with migration and gametogenesis, and of the intricacies of meiosis, for other reviews. [1][2][3][4] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of germ cell development

2012

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| The germ line represents a continuous cellular link between generations and between species, but the germ cells themselves develop in a specialized, organism-specific context. The three most common animal model organisms, C. elegans, Drosophila, and mouse, display striking similarities as well as major differences in the means by which they control germ cell development.Comparison of the germ cells of these three organisms sheds light not only on universal aspects of germline regulation, but also on control of the pluripotent state in vivo and on the earliest steps of embryogenesis. Taking a broad perspective, we will follow the germ cells from specification in the early embryo, through gametogenesis, to fertilization, and highlight themes from the comparison of three alternative strategies for navigating the fundamental cycle of sexual reproduction.

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Mechanisms guiding primordial germ cell migration: strategies from different organisms

Cited by 440 publications

References 114 publications

Primordial Germ Cells in Mice

Primordial Germ Cells in Mice

The Microtubule Plus End Tracking Protein TIP150 Interacts with Cortactin to Steer Directional Cell Migration

Genetics of germ cell development

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