MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and behavioural and psychiatric disorders of children: a systematic review

Fetene, Dagnachew Muluye; Betts, Kim; Alati, Rosa

doi:10.1530/eje-16-0860

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Measuring neonatal TSH concentrations 48‐72 hours after birth screens for congenital hypothyroidism (CH), allowing early treatment to avoid serious impairment . However, even within subclinical ranges, disrupted thyroid hormone homoeostasis during brain development has been linked to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, including attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) . ADHD is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder during childhood, affecting 3.4% of children worldwide .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal thyroid‐stimulating hormone and association with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Villanger

Ystrøm

Engel

et al. 2020

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

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Background Normal brain development is dependent on maternal, fetal and neonatal thyroid function. Measuring neonatal thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) 48‐72 hours after birth screens for congenital hypothyroidism, allowing early treatment to avoid serious impairment. However, even within sub‐clinical ranges, disrupted thyroid homeostasis during brain development has been linked to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, including attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Objectives To estimate the association between neonatal TSH below threshold for potential congenital hypothyroidism and subsequent ADHD diagnosis using a population‐based birth cohort. Methods Children with a diagnosis of ADHD in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) were identified through linkage with the Norwegian Patient Registry using ICD‐10 codes for hyperkinetic disorders. The study included 405 ADHD cases and 1,092 controls (born 2003‐2008) with available neonatal TSH concentrations below 10 mU/L (cut‐off for potential congenital hypothyroidism) measured in dried blood spots sampled 48‐72 hours after birth. Results In multivariable, quintile models the relationship appeared to follow a U‐shaped pattern with elevated odds ratios (OR) at lower and higher TSH levels. Among children with TSH in the lowest quintile, odds of ADHD was approximately 1.5‐fold higher than children in the middle quintile (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.09, 2.34), which was driven by substantially elevated risk among girls, with no association among boys (Pinteraction = 0.02; girls OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.53, 6.30; boys OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.73, 1.84). Conclusions ADHD risk appeared to be elevated among newborns with low TSH levels (i.e. with hyperthyroid status), and this association was mainly found among girls. Because our findings are suggestive of increased risk at very low TSH concentrations, where analytical accuracy is low, future studies should employ highly sensitive assays capable of accurate quantitation at very low concentrations. Also, larger studies are needed to investigate these associations at higher neonatal TSH concentrations where data are more widely distributed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal thyroid‐stimulating hormone and association with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Villanger

Ystrøm

Engel

et al. 2020

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

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“…9,10,15 Over the past decade, studies have turned their focus on gestational thyroid hormones in infants. Thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy has been found to influence the neurodevelopment of neonates, especially before mid-gestation, at which point the thyroid gland of the foetus begins to mature, consequently causing behavioural and psychiatric disorders 16 or ADHD. [17][18][19][20] Maternal thyroid dysfunction has been regarded as an independent risk factor that exposes children to the potential of developing ADHD, 19,21,22 while one study recognized maternal thyroid dysfunction as only being related to the development of inattention in female children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, its pharmacotherapy and thyroid dysfunction: A nationwide population‐based study in Taiwan

Chen

Shyu

Tsai

et al. 2018

Clinical Endocrinology

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“…In spite of the amelioration of iodine consumption by the general population of many countries, a new scenario has arisen involving impaired cognitive outcomes with a gamut of behavioral disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism (62,63). ADHD has been described in newborns in the presence of hyperthyroidism (64), iodine deficiency (65), hypothyroxinemia (63), and mild maternal thyroid-hormone insufficiency (66).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

About odide: A Friendly and Necessary Ion

Mld¹,

Am²

2019

Preprint

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Iodide is an essential micronutrient present in very small quantities in the human body, with a fundamental action for the adequate synthesis of thyroid hormones, which are critical for cell differentiation, growth and metabolism. In the form of iodide, iodine is widely distributed in the environment, although in an irregular manner, occurring in abundant amounts in the oceans and in coastal areas and scarcely found on islands and mountains. The diet is the main source of iodine, whose intake varies according to the amount present in soil and water and according to eating habits. Governmental policies have been adopted to satisfy and guarantee the necessary daily supply of iodine, such as fortification of industrialized salt for domestic iodine consumption or addition to the bread commonly consumed in a given region, or the offer of iodized oil to the population, or even iodine supplementation through medications. Iodide deficiency is the main avoidable cause of brain damage to fetuses and children, as well as retardation of psychomotor development. Thyroid hormones are almost universally involved in the development and proliferation of fetal neural tissue. Permanent lesions of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum may occur, with loss of, or damage to the brainstem or spinal cord, affecting cortical areas that integrate highly specialized stimuli, which become poorly defined on an anatomical basis, including silent areas of the associative cortex. One of the more significant metabolic problems due to dietary iodine deficiency is the presence of goiter (increased volume of the thyroid gland). Thyroid carcinoma is the most frequent endocrine neoplasia affecting the human species and plasma iodine concentration is related to the development of specific subtypes of this neoplasia. An increased prevalence of follicular carcinoma, a more aggressive tumor, has been observed in areas of iodine deficiency, while the correction of this deficiency is associated with a higher prevalence of papilliferous carcinoma, a less aggressive form. CONCLUSION: An ideal plasma iodide concentration is necessary to insure the proper mental development of fetuses and young children and to minimize the aggressiveness of thyroid cancer from follicular cells in humans.

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MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and behavioural and psychiatric disorders of children: a systematic review

Cited by 42 publications

References 58 publications

Neonatal thyroid‐stimulating hormone and association with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Neonatal thyroid‐stimulating hormone and association with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Correlation between attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, its pharmacotherapy and thyroid dysfunction: A nationwide population‐based study in Taiwan

About odide: A Friendly and Necessary Ion

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