Mechanisms Involved in Nematode Control by Endophytic Fungi

Schouten, Alexander

doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-080615-100114

Cited by 83 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…Their ability to provide quantitative resistance towards nematodes is still not well understood. There is evidence that endophytes may affect nematodes either directly, by synthesizing nematocidal compounds that kill or paralyse nematodes, or indirectly by triggering plant defence responses that are aimed at the nematode (Schouten, ). This knowledge gap is obstructing further development of endophytes or their metabolites towards an effective means of controlling nematodes in the field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive secondary metabolites with multiple activities from a fungal endophyte

Bogner

Kamdem

Sichtermann

et al. 2016

Microbial Biotechnology

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SummaryIn order to replace particularly biohazardous nematocides, there is a strong drive to finding natural product‐based alternatives with the aim of containing nematode pests in agriculture. The metabolites produced by the fungal endophyte Fusarium oxysporum 162 when cultivated on rice media were isolated and their structures elucidated. Eleven compounds were obtained, of which six were isolated from a Fusarium spp. for the first time. The three most potent nematode‐antagonistic compounds, 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and gibepyrone D had LC 50 values of 104, 117 and 134 μg ml−1, respectively, after 72 h. IAA is a well‐known phytohormone that plays a role in triggering plant resistance, thus suggesting a dual activity, either directly, by killing or compromising nematodes, or indirectly, by inducing defence mechanisms against pathogens (nematodes) in plants. Such compounds may serve as important leads in the development of novel, environmental friendly, nematocides.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive secondary metabolites with multiple activities from a fungal endophyte

Bogner

Kamdem

Sichtermann

et al. 2016

Microbial Biotechnology

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“…During the movement of J2 in the soil, microbes may attach to the nematode cuticle, later infecting the eggs of nematodes [14]. In addition, the endophytic fungi characterized as antagonistic to nematodes like Pochonia chlamydosporia [34] infect the host plant and then access the nematode eggs while growing in the plant root. The microbial infection of the encysted eggs can also commence after the immature female nematodes become exposed to soil on the plant roots [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cover Cropping on Microbial Communities Associated with Heterodera schachtii and Nematode Virulence

2019

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Nematode-resistant cover crops can suppress populations of plant-parasitic nematodes. Samples of a loamy and a sandy loam soil were collected from two sugar beet fields in Lower Saxonia, northern Germany (“Jeinsen” and “Gross Munzel”) to measure the effects of cover cropping on the population genetic structure and infectivity of Heterodera schachtii as well as the composition of soil microbial communities. These fields allowed for a comparison of cover cropping with Brassica species resistant to Heterodera schachtii to fallow. In a series of radish bioassays with H. schachtii populations from Jeinsen and Gross Munzel, ratios of second-stage juveniles in roots per eggs in soil were higher in soil from under Brassica cropping than from under fallow. In denaturing gradient gelelectrophoresis, profiles of the parasitism gene vap1 differed between Brassica and fallow treatments in both populations. At Gross Munzel, microbes of soils and within nematode cysts differed between Brassica and fallow areas. Specifically, the frequency and occurrence of isolates of Pochonia chlamydosporia and Exophiala salmonis were lower within the cysts from Brassica than from fallow treatments. Overall, cover cropping with resistant Brassica species affected the bacteria and fungi infecting the cysts and subsequently, the infectivity of the H. schachtii population. Cover crop effects on nematode virulence (vap1 gene) and microbial colonization of the cysts could affect long-term nematode population dynamics.

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“…In this study, after treatment with AY-38, the extensive modulation of endogenous defence hormones, such as JA and SA under normal and pathogenic conditions were recorded. These hormones can act as phytoalexins during pathogenic attacks and induce phytoresistance to pathogens (Halim et al 2007;Schouten 2016). The hormonal signaling of JA and SA play an important role in the co-ordination of plant immune responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paenibacillus terrae AY-38 resistance against Botrytis cinerea in Solanum lycopersicum L. plants through defence hormones regulation

Kim

Shahzad

Kang

et al. 2017

Journal of Plant Interactions

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This study aims to investigate the role of Paenibacillus terrae AY-38 to produce bioactive metabolites and to counteract pathogenic infections caused by B. cinerea. The pure culture of P. terrae (AY-38) showed the secretion of significant amount of IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) (109.57 ± 3.2 µg mL −1 ). The AY-38 strain also produced siderophore and glucanase, while in the in vitro test, it showed significant antagonism to Botrytis cinerea. In the in vivo plant experiment, the sole application of AY-38 significantly improved plant growth (plant height and leaf area), while in B. cinerea infected plants, AY-38 inoculation not only decreased the disease incidence on leaves and fruits but also reprogramed the plants for higher growth. AY-38 treatments promoted and rescued plant growth by modulating the defence responses of endogenous hormones, such as jasmonic and salicylic acids. Our findings concluded that P. terrae possesses great potential as a possible biocontrol agent against B. cinerea-induced pathogenic infections. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Mechanisms Involved in Nematode Control by Endophytic Fungi

Cited by 83 publications

References 158 publications

Bioactive secondary metabolites with multiple activities from a fungal endophyte

Bioactive secondary metabolites with multiple activities from a fungal endophyte

Effects of Cover Cropping on Microbial Communities Associated with Heterodera schachtii and Nematode Virulence

Paenibacillus terrae AY-38 resistance against Botrytis cinerea in Solanum lycopersicum L. plants through defence hormones regulation

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