Mechanisms mediating lipoprotein responses to diets with medium‐chain triglyceride and lauric acid

Tsai, Yu-Hwai; Park, Sunmin; Kovacic, Jeffery; Snook, Jean T.

doi:10.1007/s11745-999-0438-9

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…18) Their and our results suggest that the eŠects of MCTs on the serum cholesterol levels in healthy subjects resemble the eŠects of vegetable oil with a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids more than the eŠects of long-chain saturated fatty acids.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Effects of Dietary Medium-Chain Triacylglycerols on Serum Lipoproteins and Biochemical Parameters in Healthy Men

Nosaka

Kasai

Nakamura

et al. 2002

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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The objective of this study was to investigate eŠects of dietary medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCTs) on serum lipid levels, liver function, and hepatic fat accumulations in healthy men. Eleven subjects consumed 2200-2600 kcal daily, of which 70-80 g was fat; the fat included 40 g of MCTs or else 40 g of long-chain triacylglycerols (blended vegetable oil). The diet was followed for 4 weeks in this controlled double-blind study. At the end of the experiment, signiˆcant diŠerences were not found in the concentrations of serum total cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol between the groups. Serum triglycerol levels were not signiˆcantly diŠerent in the groups. Adverse eŠects from ingestion of MCTs on liver functions, the liver-to-spleen ratio on computed tomography (an index of fatty liver), or results of blood tests were not seen. The results suggest that the long-term eŠects of dietary MCTs on serum cholesterol were similar to those of unsaturated fatty acids found abundantly in vegetable oil, and that consumption of MCTs in the amount of 40 g W day for a month does not cause liver fat accumulation or liver dysfunction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Effects of Dietary Medium-Chain Triacylglycerols on Serum Lipoproteins and Biochemical Parameters in Healthy Men

Nosaka

Kasai

Nakamura

et al. 2002

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…Reports of the effects of MCT feeding on circulating lipid levels in animal [22,26,27] and human studies [19,[21][22][23][24][25] have been well documented. Recent studies in our laboratory have shown that in humans, MCT oil in combination with phytosterols and flaxseed oil has the capacity to negate the deleterious effects of plain MCT feeding [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, MCT have also been shown to increase circulating LDL cholesterol levels [23,24]. However, some studies have obtained different results demonstrating no effect of MCT on plasma triglycerides [23,24], as well as the capacity to decrease circulating triglycerides [25] in addition to improvements in plasma LDL and total cholesterol (TC) levels [22,26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a medium chain triglyceride oil mixture and α-lipoic acid diet on body composition, antioxidant status, and plasma lipid levels in the Golden Syrian hamster

Wollin

Wang

Kubow

et al. 2004

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry

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The objective of this study was to examine the effects of the antioxidant ␣-lipoic acid (ALP) versus a medium chain triglyceride oil mixture (MCTo), which was designed to increase energy expenditure and to improve lipid profiles containing medium chain triglycerides, phytosterols, and omega-3 fatty acids in the form of flaxseed oil. A total of 48 hamsters were fed a) hypercholesterolemic (HC) control, b) HC MCTo, c) HC ALP, or d) HC MCTo/ALP diet for 4 weeks. No differences were observed on food intake, body weight, total body water, lean and fat mass, and tissue thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). ALP alone had no effect on total cholesterol (TC); however, MCTo feeding increased TC with (P Ͻ 0.03) and without (P Ͻ 0.003) ALP when compared with control. ALP increased HDL levels compared with control (P Ͻ 0.04) and MCTo/ALP (P Ͻ 0.007) groups. MCTo, with (P Ͻ 0.0001) or without (P Ͻ 0.006) ALP, increased non-HDL cholesterol levels versus control. The non-HDL:HDL cholesterol ratio was decreased by ALP compared with MCTo (45%) and MCTo/ALP (68%) (P Ͻ 0.0001), a similar trend was seen when compared with the HC control (22%) group (P Ͻ 0.14). Triglyceride levels were not altered by any dietary treatment. Liver and heart tissue reduced glutathione (GSH) was increased (P Ͻ 0.05) by all three treatments when compared with control. Both tissues showed an increase (P Ͻ 0.05) in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) when fed ALP as compared with other treatments. Hamsters fed ALP had a lower (P Ͻ 0.05) GSH/GSSG ratio compared with other treatment groups. In conclusion, MCTo feeding does not elicit beneficial effects on circulating plasma lipids and measures of body composition. In addition, our results do not clearly support an improvement in oxidative status through supplementation of ALP. However, our results do support the existence of beneficial effects of ALP on circulating lipoprotein content in the hamster.

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“…In a small, but well-designed, crossover trial, Tsai et al (1999) reported that plasma total cholesterol concentration was reduced by 8% (0.37 mmol/l) when women replaced 30 g of lauric acid (C12:0) with a mixture of caprylic (C8:0) and capric (C10:0) acids. There does not appear to be a strong effect on plasma HDL of substituting medium chain fatty acids for myristic (C14:0) and palmitic (C16:0) acids (Denke & Grundy, 1992;Cox et al, 1995;Temme et al, 1996;Tsai et al, 1999); however, participants in the present study had significantly lower HDL cholesterol concentrations when consuming the sheep's dairy products. Thus, the favourable improvement in lipoprotein-mediated cardiovascular risk associated with the lowering of total and LDL cholesterol during the sheepdairy diet was offset, somewhat, by the reduction in HDL cholesterol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Myristic acid (C14:0), which is abundant in cows' dairy fat, is the most cholesterolaemic fatty acid followed by palmitic acid (C16:0), and lauric acid (C12:0); whereas, stearic acid (C18:0) appears to have little cholesterol-raising effect (Katan et al, 1995;Kris-Etherton & Yu, 1997). The effects of caprylic (C8:0) and capric (C10:0) acids are not as well documented, but have been found to be less cholesterolaemic than lauric acid (Tsai et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replacing cows' with sheep's dairy fat lowers plasma cholesterol concentration in participants consuming dairy fat-rich diets

et al. 2004

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Objective: To determine the effects on plasma cholesterol concentration of replacing cows' dairy fat with sheep's dairy fat. Design: Randomised crossover dietary intervention. Setting: General community, Dunedin, New Zealand. Subjects: Volunteer sample of 41 healthy adults with initial plasma cholesterol concentration between 4.8 and 7.8 mmol/l. Interventions: Participants were asked to follow a self-selected low-fat background diet throughout the study to which, during each of the 2, 3-week dairy diets, they were asked to add sheep's or cows' dairy products. Main outcome measures: Energy and nutrient intakes, plasma triacylglycerol fatty acids, and plasma cholesterol. Results: Energy and nutrient intakes on the sheep-dairy and cow-dairy diets were very similar, with total, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat contributing 34, 18-19, 9, and 3% of total energy intake, respectively. Participants consumed approximately 50 g/day of dairy fat on each diet. Replacing cows' with sheep's dairy fat led to a 0.33 (0.11-0.56, 95% CI) mmol/l decrease (6%) in plasma total cholesterol concentration, from 5.53 (0.90, s.d.) to 5.20 (0.90) mmol/l. Plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was 0.18 (0.02-0.33) mmol/l lower on the sheep-dairy diet as was the concentration of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, 0.11 (0.02-0.20) mmol/l. The LDL to HDL cholesterol ratio at the end of the sheep-dairy diet, 2.91 (1.10), was not significantly different (P40.05) from the cow-dairy diet, 2.73 (0.83). Conclusions: Within the context of a diet high in dairy fat (50 g/day), replacing cows' milk fat with sheep's milk fat leads to a small reduction in plasma cholesterol concentration, but no change in the ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol.

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Mechanisms mediating lipoprotein responses to diets with medium‐chain triglyceride and lauric acid

Cited by 19 publications

References 53 publications

Effects of Dietary Medium-Chain Triacylglycerols on Serum Lipoproteins and Biochemical Parameters in Healthy Men

Effects of Dietary Medium-Chain Triacylglycerols on Serum Lipoproteins and Biochemical Parameters in Healthy Men

Effects of a medium chain triglyceride oil mixture and α-lipoic acid diet on body composition, antioxidant status, and plasma lipid levels in the Golden Syrian hamster

Replacing cows' with sheep's dairy fat lowers plasma cholesterol concentration in participants consuming dairy fat-rich diets

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