Mechanisms of altered renal sodium handling in age-related hypertension

Frame, Alissa A.; Wainford, Richard D

doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00594.2017

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 82 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…18,21 Sodium Sensitivity by Age, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity Much epidemiological evidence suggests that the age-related increases in BP may be related to sodium sensitivity due to age-related decrease in renal sodium handling. 22,23 Miller and colleagues found that BP response to the manipulation of dietary sodium was correlated with age being higher among those >40 years old in normotensive adults. 24 Hurwitz and colleagues reported that every 10 years of age was associated with a 2.4 mm Hg increase in sodium sensitivity of systolic BP in hypertensive patients.…”

Section: Proportion Of Sodium Sensitivity In Chinese and Other Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium sensitivity of blood pressure in Chinese populations

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hypertension is an enormous public-health challenge in the world due to its high prevalence and consequent increased cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Observational epidemiologic studies and clinical trials have demonstrated a causal relationship between sodium intake and elevated blood pressure (BP). However, BP changes in response to sodium intervention vary among individualsa trait called sodium sensitivity. This paper aims to review the recent advances in sodium-sensitivity research in Chinese and other populations. Older age, female gender, and black race are associated with high sodium sensitivity. Both genetic and environmental factors influence BP sodium sensitivity. Physical activity and dietary potassium intake are associated with reduced sodium sensitivity while obesity, metabolic syndrome and elevated BP are associated with increased sodium sensitivity. Familial studies have documented a moderate heritability of sodium sensitivity. Candidate gene association studies, genome-wide association studies, whole-exome, and whole-genome sequencing studies have been conducted to elucidate the genomic mechanisms of sodium sensitivity. The Genetic Epidemiology Network of Salt Sensitivity (GenSalt) study, the largest family-based feeding study to date, was conducted among 1906 Han Chinese in rural northern China. This study showed that approximately 32.4% of Chinese adults were sodium sensitive. Additionally, several genetic variants were found to be associated with sodium sensitivity. Findings from the GenSalt Study and others indicate that sodium sensitivity is a reproducible trait and both lifestyle factors and genetic variants play a role in this complex trait. Discovering biomarkers and underlying mechanisms for sodium sensitivity will help to develop individualized intervention strategies for hypertension.

show abstract

Section: Proportion Of Sodium Sensitivity In Chinese and Other Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium sensitivity of blood pressure in Chinese populations

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Even a slight increase in blood pressure (BP) increases the risk of cardiovascular events ( 3 ). Sodium (Na + ) homeostasis plays an important role in the regulation of BP, and small changes in the rate of its reabsorption may cause significant changes in Na + excretion, leading to disturbances in the Na + balance and extracellular fluid volume and ultimately to hypertension ( 4 , 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Serum Uromodulin and Its Genetic Variants With Blood Pressure and Hypertension in Chinese Adults

Wang

Shi

et al. 2021

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Uromodulin, also named Tamm Horsfall protein, has been associated with renal function and regulation of sodium homeostasis. We aimed to examine the associations of serum uromodulin levels and its genetic variants with longitudinal blood pressure (BP) changes and hypertension incidence/risk.Methods: A total of 514 participants from the original Baoji Salt-Sensitive Study cohort were genotyped to examine the associations of genetic variations in uromodulin gene with the longitudinal BP changes and the incidence of hypertension over 8 years of follow-up. In addition, 2,210 subjects from the cohort of Hanzhong Adolescent Hypertension Study were used to investigate the relationships between serum uromodulin levels and the risk of hypertension.Results: SNPs rs12917707 and rs12708631 in the uromodulin gene were significantly associated with the longitudinal BP changes over 8 years of follow-up. SNP rs12708631 was significantly associated with the incidence of hypertension over 8 years. In addition, gene-based analyses supported the associations of uromodulin gene with the longitudinal BP changes and hypertension incidence in Baoji Salt-Sensitive Study cohort. Furthermore, serum uromodulin levels in the hypertensive subjects were lower than in the normotensive subjects (25.5 ± 1.1 vs. 34.7 ± 0.7 ng/mL). Serum uromodulin levels decreased gradually as BP levels increased (34.6, 33.2, 27.8, and 25.0 ng/mL for subjects with normotension, high-normal, grade 1 hypertension, and grade 2 hypertension, respectively). Serum uromodulin was significantly associated with the lower risk of hypertension [0.978 (0.972–0.984)] in Hanzhong Adolescent Hypertension Study cohort.Conclusion: This study shows that uromodulin is associated with blood pressure progression and development of hypertension.

show abstract

“…Generally, Na + -driven reabsorption is diminished in response to salt loads; however, in salt-sensitive rodent models, ENaC protein abundance and activity are paradoxically increased, potentially as a result of high-salt induced renal damage (43,44). As discussed in our prior review, salt sensitivity of BP increases with age (45), and aging-related changes in renal Na + handling may contribute to this increased salt sensitivity (46).…”

Section: Kidneysmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Dietary Salt Beyond Blood Pressure

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Excess sodium from dietary salt (NaCl) is linked to elevations in blood pressure (BP). However, salt sensitivity of BP varies widely between individuals and there are data suggesting that salt adversely affects target organs, irrespective of BP. For example, high dietary salt has been shown to adversely affect the vasculature, heart, kidneys, skin, brain, and bone. Common mediators of the target organ dysfunction include heightened inflammation and oxidative stress. These physiological alterations may contribute to disease development over time. Despite the adverse effects of salt on BP and several organ systems, there is controversy surrounding lower salt intakes and cardiovascular outcomes. Our goal here is to review the physiology contributing to BPindependent effects of salt and address the controversy around lower salt intakes and cardiovascular outcomes. We will also address the importance of background diet in modulating the effects of dietary salt.

show abstract

Mechanisms of altered renal sodium handling in age-related hypertension

Cited by 22 publications

References 82 publications

Sodium sensitivity of blood pressure in Chinese populations

Sodium sensitivity of blood pressure in Chinese populations

Associations of Serum Uromodulin and Its Genetic Variants With Blood Pressure and Hypertension in Chinese Adults

The Influence of Dietary Salt Beyond Blood Pressure

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About