Mechanisms of AMPK in the maintenance of ATP balance during energy metabolism

Abstract

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a conserved sensor of cellular energy change and is activated by increased AMP/ATP and/or ADP/ATP ratios. AMPK maintains the energy balance by decreasing the ATP-consuming processes such as transcription of synthetic fat genes and rRNA, the translation of ribosomal proteins, synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acid, while the metabolic pathways such as glucose and fatty transport, fatty acid oxidation, autophagy, mitochondrial synthesis and oxidative metabolism are increased to preserve ATP during energy deficiency. Recent advance has demonstrated that AMPK activity has a close association with the initiation and progression in various cancers. Here we review the mechanisms that AMPK controls energy metabolism through regulating ATP synthesis and consumption, and further discuss the deregulation of AMPK in cancers.

Dynamin‐related protein 1‐mediated mitochondrial fission contributes to IR‐783‐induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells

“…Adenosine triphosphate is an energy molecule that plays an important role in physiology and pathology. The synthesis of ATP occurs via the oxidative phosphorylation of glucose or via the canonical mitochondrial oxidation pathway from ATP synthetase, and thus cellular metabolism is maintained in a tight energy homeostasis through regulation of ATP levels . Cancer cells have been shown to have higher ATP levels than normal cells in vitro, and decreasing ATP means the cancer cells are entering conditions of apoptosis or necrosis .…”

Study on the effect of CaMKKβ‐mediated AMPK activation on the glycolysis and the quality of different altitude postmortem bovineslongissimusmuscle

“…Recently, AMPK is widely regarded as the main protein kinase to regulate the muscle energy metabolism during postmortem aging and numerous evidences indeed support the hypothesis (Ke, Xu, Li, Luo, & Huang, 2018), but the activation mechanism of AMPK and its effect on muscle metabolism and quality during postmortem aging are not fully understood. Studies have shown that Ca 2+ signal may activate AMPK by CaMKKβ-dependent phosphorylation in various cell types (Angela et al, 2005).…”

Glutamate Dehydrogenase from Thermus thermophilus Is Activated by AMP and Leucine as a Complex with Catalytically Inactive Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Homolog

“…As previously described, AMP is an essential activator of GDH from S. clavuligerus (2); therefore, a similar system to respond to the intracellular energy level may be present in other bacteria. On the other hand, in mammalian cells, AMP activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which successively enhances the catabolic pathways to generate ATP (e.g., the uptake and oxidation of glucose and fatty acids and mitochondrial biogenesis) by targeting SREBP1c/ChREBP, TIF-1A, mTORC1, and ACC1 signaling pathways and represses the ATP-consuming anabolic pathways (e.g., the synthesis of lipids, glucose, glycogen, and proteins) by phosphorylating GLUT4/CD36, PGC-1␣/SIRT, and ACC2 (20,21). Although mammalian and T. thermophilus cells differ in quality, GDH activation by AMP may be a common signal transduction pathway to adapt and respond to nutrition or the environment around the cell.…”