Mechanisms of bone metastasis (BM) growth in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC): An exploratory study

Abstract

1102 Background: The benefits of bisphosphonates (BPs) in reducing or delaying skeletal related events (SREs) in patients with BM have been attributed to their potent osteoclast (OC) inhibiting effect. However, despite the use of modern systemic anti-cancer therapy including potent BPs, many patients with BM continue to suffer from the consequences of their bone disease. An improved understanding of the basic mechanisms of bone destruction would allow further appropriate targeted treatment strategies to be developed. Methods: Archival paraffin embedded BM specimens from patients with MBC were examined for expression of OCs, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK), RANK Ligand (RANKL) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG). Histological specimens were also available for primary breast cancer, lymph node (LN) metastasis, normal breast and bone tissues for comparison. Results: BM specimens were available for 20 BP naïve pts and 2 pts treated with BP. OCs were significantly increased in the BM of the BP naive group compared to controls. There were no OCs seen in the BP treated group. RANK was expressed on tumor cells (TCs) in the both bone and nodal metastases but not on the primary cancer cells. It is also expressed on the OCs which were present in both BM and normal bone. While RANKL was absent in TCs, it was strongly expressed in all stromal cells (SCs) in all specimens and in osteoblasts. The OPG, while present in TCs of the BM and LN metastases, is not detected in the primary cancer. Conclusion: The mechanism of bone destruction in MBC are not fully understood and are clearly multifactorial. OCs may not be the singular obligatory factor for osteolysis in BM. Further investigation of various inhibitors of the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathways, may allow novel treatment strategies to be developed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Renal cell carcinoma bone metastases: clinical advances

“…Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology 2 (2) levels following sunitinib treatment and bone tumor growth was stunted as evidenced by bioluminescence imaging. While VEGF has been demonstrated to be over-expressed in actual bone metastases from breast cancer patients [Ooi et al 2007], this does not seem to be a prominent feature of RCC bone metastases. In fact, one series of 20 cases showed that VEGFR-2 protein expression fell from 35% in the primary specimen to 10% in the bone metastases suggesting a phenotypic change during progression to the bones [Badalian et al 2007].…”