Mechanisms of Cardiac Arrhythmia

Antzelevitch, Charles; Burashnikov, Alexander; Diego, José M. Di

doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-4881-4_6

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 222 publications

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“…Previously, the only available pharmacological options for the rhythm control of AF were propafenone and flecainide (sodium channel blockers); sotalol and dofetilide (I Kr potassium channel blockers) and amiodarone and dronedarone (mixed ion channel blockers) [12]. The safety and efficacy of these drugs limits their use in clinical practice --for example, propafenone and flecainide are proarrhythmogenic, particularly in patients who have structural heart disease; sotalol can cause marked QT interval prolongation as well as being contraindicated in asthmatic patients and amiodarone-related toxicity is well described (although less important in the acute setting there have still been anecdotal reports of adverse effect after just a few days [13]).…”

Section: Rhythm Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vernakalant hydrochloride to treat atrial fibrillation

Brown

Lau

Lip

2014

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

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Section: Rhythm Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vernakalant hydrochloride to treat atrial fibrillation

Brown

Lau

Lip

2014

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

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Distribution of NADPH-diaphorase and AChE activity in the anterior leaflet of rat mitral valve

et al. 2010

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The mitral valve, as an active flap, forms the major part of the left ventricular inflow tract and therefore plays an important function in many aspects of left ventricular performance. The anterior leaflet of this valve is the largest and most ventrally placed of two leaflets that come together during ventricular systole to close the left atrioventricular orifice. Various neurotransmitters are responsible for different functions including controlling valve movement, inhibiting or causing the failure of impulse conduction in the valve and the sensation of pain. Nitric oxide acts as a gaseous free radical neurotransmitter, neuromediator and effective cardiovascular modulator. Acetyl-choline is known to function as a typical neurotransmitter. Histochemical methods for detection of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d), as an indirect nitric oxide-synthase marker, and method for detection of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were used. Both methods were performed on the same valve sample. A widespread distribution of nerve fibres was observed in the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. The fine NADPH-d positive (nitrergic) nerve fibres were identified in all zones of valve leaflet. AChE positive (cholinergic) nerve fibres were identified forming dense network and fibres organized in stripes. Endocardial cells and vessels manifested heavy NADPH-d activity. Our observations suggest a different arrangement of nitrergic and cholinergic nerve fibres in the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. The presence of nitrergic and cholinergic activity confirms the involvement of both neurotransmitters in nerve plexuses and other structures of mitral valve.

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Pharmacological Treatment for Atrial Fibrillation Modalities in Equines and Companion Animals

Cojoaca

2024

OJVM

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Mechanisms of Cardiac Arrhythmia

Cited by 3 publications

References 222 publications

Vernakalant hydrochloride to treat atrial fibrillation

Vernakalant hydrochloride to treat atrial fibrillation

Distribution of NADPH-diaphorase and AChE activity in the anterior leaflet of rat mitral valve

Pharmacological Treatment for Atrial Fibrillation Modalities in Equines and Companion Animals

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