Mechanisms of channel formation on glasses by abrasive waterjet milling

Process models for controlled-depth abrasive waterjet milling of amorphous glasses

“…The formation of channel features depends strongly on the development of jet flow, as found in a previous work [13], progresses through different stages.…”

“…In this study, five major and easy-to-control process parameters were considered, as shown in Table 2, each of which was set at multiple levels relevant to those commonly used in practice and within the machine specification [13]. Other parameters, i.e.…”

“…By simultaneously solving Eqs. (13), (17), (18) and (19), the equation for the rate of kinetic energy of an AWJ becomes…”

“…At a certain penetrating depth, the turbulent flow no longer exists and is replaced by a transition or laminar flow [13]. Since AWJ milling is a nonthrough cutting process, the erosion in the bottom of the channel may be changed to the deformation wear mode [12], in which the accumulation of solid particles at the bottom of the channel that follow a vortex and damping flow may become a dominant material removal mechanism [28].…”

“…In a recent study [13], an AWJ milling technique has been developed. By controlling the jet motion in a stitching trajectory and by tilting the nozzle axis with respect to the machining surface, this technique allows an open channel to be milled at a controlled depth without the need of using a masking plate.…”