Mechanisms of deformation-induced grain boundary chromium depletion (sensitization) development in type 316 stainless steels

Effect of cold work on low-temperature sensitization behaviour of austenitic stainless steels

“…The effect of cold work on sensitization had been reported in earlier studies [34][35][36][37]. It is commonly accepted that the susceptibility to sensitization of austenitic stainless steels increases with increasing cold work till a maximum susceptibility is obtained at 15-20% cold work.…”

Influence of cold rolling on sensitization and intergranular stress corrosion cracking of AISI 304 aged at 500°C

“…Welding can introduce strain as high as 20% in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of stainless steel (Shah et al, 1990). The deformation prior to sensitization reported to decrease temperature for carbide nucleation and accelerate kinetic of carbide precipitation at normal sensitization temperature as compared to undeformed stainless steels (Parvathavarthini et al, 1989(Parvathavarthini et al, , 1994Shah et al, 1990;Kain et al, 2004Kain et al, , 2005Advani et al, 1991;Singh et al, 2003;Beltran et al, 1997;Fullman, 1980;Pednekar and Smialowska, 1980;Bruemmer et al, 1988). The deformation-induced martensite (DIM) and dislocations/defects in the stainless steels were responsible for accelerated sensitization (Parvathavarthini et al, 1989(Parvathavarthini et al, , 1994Shah et al, 1990;Kain et al, 2004Kain et al, , 2005Advani et al, 1991;Singh et al, 2003).…”

The effects of cold working on sensitization and intergranular corrosion behavior of AISI 304 stainless steel

“…[7] In spite of several studies performed on the prior-deformation effect on sensitization and IGC, a universally accepted conclusion is yet to be made. The reasons of such conflicting results could be due to the consideration of limited strains (either tensile or compressive), [4,6,8,9] temperatures, [8,10,11] or times [7,10,12] as variables in such studies. In this study, we use a wide range of the aforementioned variables.…”

“…This is similar to the observation of transgranular corrosion at higher deformation, made by other authors. [4,6,12] B.…”

“…[2][3][4][5] Briant and Ritter observed transgranular attack in Type 304 stainless steel, which they assumed to be due to deformation-induced martensite (DIM); however, similar corrosion attack has been noted in the deformed Type 316 stainless steel, that does not consist of such a dual phase. [6] The state of deformation (uniaxial tensile, compressive, or cross rolling) itself may be a variable that can influence the end results. [7] In spite of several studies performed on the prior-deformation effect on sensitization and IGC, a universally accepted conclusion is yet to be made.…”