Mechanisms of Degradation and Survival

doi:10.1002/9781119089537.ch2

Cited by 1 publication

(4 citation statements)

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“…During the ageing of proteins, fragmentation occurs through hydrolysis of the backbone of the protein sequences, in which the peptide bonds are cleaved. Smaller peptides or free amino acids are also obtained as reaction products [ 161 ]. Further, ageing reactions can affect the side chains of the amino acids.…”

Section: Paleoproteomics and Metaproteomics Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it must be noted that environmental factors and the protein structure can have a strong influence on such reactions. In addition, deamidation reactions can also occur in vivo, which is why the results are sometimes not very meaningful [ 161 , 162 , 163 , 164 , 165 ]. Nevertheless, it has recently been proposed to use the deamidation grade of glutamine for the calculation of a Parchment Glutamine Index (PQI).…”

Section: Paleoproteomics and Metaproteomics Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conversion of L-amino acids to the corresponding D-enantiomers is called amino acid racemisation (AAR) and can also be used as a marker of ageing. However, these reactions are also influenced by many exogenous factors and the protein structures, which must be taken into account for a reliable assessment [ 161 ]. In addition to the reactions described, numerous other degradation and conversion processes can occur during the ageing of proteins.…”

Section: Paleoproteomics and Metaproteomics Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, there are enzymatic degradation reactions by the microbiome. Such reactions make the data more complicated, but can also serve as important authenticity markers for distinguishing between modern and ancient sequences [ 161 ].…”

Section: Paleoproteomics and Metaproteomics Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artefact Profiling: Panomics Approaches for Understanding the Materiality of Written Artefacts

Creydt

Fischer

2023

Molecules

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This review explains the strategies behind genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, metallomics and isotopolomics approaches and their applicability to written artefacts. The respective sub-chapters give an insight into the analytical procedure and the conclusions drawn from such analyses. A distinction is made between information that can be obtained from the materials used in the respective manuscript and meta-information that cannot be obtained from the manuscript itself, but from residues of organisms such as bacteria or the authors and readers. In addition, various sampling techniques are discussed in particular, which pose a special challenge in manuscripts. The focus is on high-resolution, non-targeted strategies that can be used to extract the maximum amount of information about ancient objects. The combination of the various omics disciplines (panomics) especially offers potential added value in terms of the best possible interpretations of the data received. The information obtained can be used to understand the production of ancient artefacts, to gain impressions of former living conditions, to prove their authenticity, to assess whether there is a toxic hazard in handling the manuscripts, and to be able to determine appropriate measures for their conservation and restoration.

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Section: Paleoproteomics and Metaproteomics Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%