Mechanisms of Density-dependent Growth and Survival in Tadpoles of Fowler's Toad,<i>Anaxyrus fowleri</i>: Volume vs. Abundance

Yagi, Katharine T.; Green, David M.

doi:10.1643/ce-16-438

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Effects of TH level and developmental temperature on energy allocation seem to be more effective than those on SMR. However, other factors might also be involved such as larval density which directly influences developmental and growth rate (Semlitsch and Caldwell 1982;Wilbur 1977;Dash and Hota 1980) Yagi and Green (2016) found that in toad Anaryxus fowleri, a larval density of 1.67/l was stressful resulting in smaller larvae. Other studies, however, use higher densities than used in this study (Ding et al 2015).…”

Section: Carry-over Effects On Post-metamorphic Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Post-metamorphic carry-over effects of altered thyroid hormone level and developmental temperature: physiological plasticity and body condition at two life stages in Rana temporaria

et al. 2020

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Environmental stress induced by natural and anthropogenic processes including climate change may threaten the productivity of species and persistence of populations. Ectotherms can potentially cope with stressful conditions such as extremes in temperature by exhibiting physiological plasticity. Amphibian larvae experiencing stressful environments display altered thyroid hormone (TH) status with potential implications for physiological traits and acclimation capacity. We investigated how developmental temperature (T dev) and altered TH levels (simulating proximate effects of environmental stress) influence the standard metabolic rate (SMR), body condition (BC), and thermal tolerance in metamorphic and post-metamorphic anuran larvae of the common frog (Rana temporaria) reared at five constant temperatures (14-28 °C). At metamorphosis, larvae that developed at higher temperatures had higher maximum thermal limits but narrower ranges in thermal tolerance. Mean CT max was 37.63 °C ± 0.14 (low TH), 36.49 °C ± 0.31 (control), and 36.43 °C ± 0.68 (high TH) in larvae acclimated to different temperatures. Larvae were able to acclimate to higher T dev by adjusting their thermal tolerance, but not their SMR, and this effect was not impaired by altered TH levels. BC was reduced by 80% (metamorphic) and by 85% (postmetamorphic) at highest T dev. The effect of stressful larval conditions (i.e., different developmental temperatures and, to some extent, altered TH levels) on SMR and particularly on BC at the onset of metamorphosis was carried over to froglets at the end of metamorphic climax. This has far reaching consequences, since body condition at metamorphosis is known to determine metamorphic success and, thus, is indirectly linked to individual fitness in later life stages.

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Section: Carry-over Effects On Post-metamorphic Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Post-metamorphic carry-over effects of altered thyroid hormone level and developmental temperature: physiological plasticity and body condition at two life stages in Rana temporaria

et al. 2020

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“…The effect of tadpole density on metamorph mass is usually expected to be negative (Goater, 1994;Griffiths & Foster, 1998). However, evidence exists that toad tadpoles may also grow smaller when raised below some threshold density levels, with limited opportunities for social behavior (Wilbur, 1977;Yagi & Green, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numbers, neighbors, and hungry predators: What makes chemically defended aposematic prey susceptible to predation?

Kaczmarek

Kaczmarski

Mazurkiewicz

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Both anuran species used in this experiment have large brood sizes, and survival from the egg to adult stage is low for most anurans, including the species we examined. Survival and growth are also density-dependent [65][66][67] , further minimizing the effects of egg collection on wild populations. High statistical power is required to diagnose differences in the shape of the functional response 68 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing availability of palatable prey induces predator-dependence and increases predation on unpalatable prey

Hossie¹,

Chan²,

Murray³

2021

Sci Rep

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Understanding the factors governing predation remains a top priority in ecology. Using a dragonfly nymph-tadpole system, we experimentally varied predator density, prey density, and prey species ratio to investigate: (i) whether predator interference varies between prey types that differ in palatability, (ii) whether adding alternate prey influences the magnitude of predator interference, and (iii) whether patterns of prey selection vary according to the predictions of optimal diet theory. In single-prey foraging trials, predation of palatable leopard frog tadpoles was limited by prey availability and predator interference, whereas predation of unpalatable toad tadpoles was limited by handling time. Adding unpalatable prey did not affect the predator’s kill rate of palatable prey, but the presence of palatable prey increased the influence of predator density on the kill rate of unpalatable prey and reduced unpalatable prey handling time. Prey selection did not change with shifts in the relative abundance of prey types. Instead, predators selected easy-to-capture unpalatable prey at low total densities and harder-to-capture palatable prey at high densities. These results improve our understanding of generalist predation in communities with mobile prey, and illustrate that characteristics of the prey types involved govern the extent to which alternate prey influence the predator’s kill rate.

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Mechanisms of Density-dependent Growth and Survival in Tadpoles of Fowler's Toad,Anaxyrus fowleri: Volume vs. Abundance

Cited by 14 publications

References 77 publications

Post-metamorphic carry-over effects of altered thyroid hormone level and developmental temperature: physiological plasticity and body condition at two life stages in Rana temporaria

Post-metamorphic carry-over effects of altered thyroid hormone level and developmental temperature: physiological plasticity and body condition at two life stages in Rana temporaria

Numbers, neighbors, and hungry predators: What makes chemically defended aposematic prey susceptible to predation?

Increasing availability of palatable prey induces predator-dependence and increases predation on unpalatable prey

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