Mechanisms of Edema Formation in Chronic Experimental Pericarditis With Effusion 1

The Relationship of Cardiovascular and Renal Hemodynamic Function to Sodium Excretion in Patients With Severe Heart Disease but Without Edema 12

“…However, it is obviously possible that reductions in cardiac output and glomerular filtration rate may also operate to increase the renal retention of sodium and water. Studies in experimentally induced heart failure also indicate that retention of salt and water occurs primarily as a result of the elevation of the venous pressure (6,7).…”

The Effect of an Arteriovenous Fistula on Renal Hemodynamics and Electrolyte Excretion 1

“…In quiet standing (6), venous congestion of the limbs (54,55), partial occlusion of the superior or inferior vena cava (56), and portal hypertension (57), filtration from the capillaries is increased and in addition blood is pooled in the peripheral veins, away from the general circulation. Acute (58) and chronic (59,60) constrictive pericarditis, constriction of the pulmonary artery (61,62) and congestive heart failure are characterized by distention of the central veins with blood which the heart is unable to pump efficiently into the aorta. In some of the above conditions the volume of blood in the central veins is reduced; in others these vessels are engorged.…”

Electrolyte and Water Excretions and Renal Hemo-Dynamics During Induced Congestion of the Superior and Inferior Vena Cava of Man 12

“…In dogs, each of the following acute procedures, designed to elevate renal or systemic venous pressure or both, has induced a decrease in the urinary excretion of electrolytes and water: partial ligation of the inferior vena cava above the renal veins (1), induced pericardial effusion (2) and partial ligation of one renal vein (3,4), a procedure which induced the effect on the side of the increased renal venous pressure but not on the contralateral normal side. In chronic experiments, inferior vena caval congestion, including the renal veins, did not cause a sustained retention of electrolytes and water, whereas constriction of the inferior vena cava above the diaphragm, which added congestion of the liver, led to sustained edema and ascites (1,5).…”