Mechanisms of fine particulates formation with alkali metal compounds during coal combustion

Takuwa, Tsuyoshi; Mkilaha, Iddi S. N.; Naruse, Ichiro

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2005.08.043

Cited by 80 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The differences for Pb, Zn, and Mn ranged from 21 to 53 % during APEC and the parade. The concentrations of Cl − have been found to be high in the fine particles produced from coal combustion (Takuwa et al, 2006), while the concentrations of K + are high in particles derived from combustion activities, e.g., biomass burning and coal combustion. Lead is typically considered to be a marker of emissions from coal combustion, power stations, and metallurgical plants (Dan et al, 2004;Mukai et al, 2001;Schleicher et al, 2011).…”

Section: Quantitative Estimates Of the Contribution Of Meteorologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of meteorological conditions and pollution control strategies in reducing air pollution in Beijing during APEC 2014 and Victory Parade 2015

et al. 2017

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Abstract. To control severe air pollution in China, comprehensive pollution control strategies have been implemented throughout the country in recent years. To evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies, the influence of meteorological conditions on levels of air pollution needs to be determined. Using the intensive air pollution control strategies implemented during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum in 2014 (APEC 2014) and the 2015 China Victory Day Parade (Victory Parade 2015) as examples, we estimated the role of meteorological conditions and pollution control strategies in reducing air pollution levels in Beijing. Atmospheric particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) samples were collected and gaseous pollutants (SO 2 , NO, NO x , and O 3 ) were measured online at a site in Peking University (PKU). To determine the influence of meteorological conditions on the levels of air pollution, we first compared the air pollutant concentrations during days with stable meteorological conditions. However, there were few days with stable meteorological conditions during the Victory Parade. As such, we were unable to estimate the level of emission reduction efforts during this period. Finally, a generalized linear regression model (GLM) based only on meteorological parameters was built to predict air pollutant concentrations, which could explain more than 70 % of the variation in air pollutant concentration levels, after incorporating the nonlinear relationships between certain meteorological parameters and the concentrations of air pollutants. Evaluation of the GLM performance revealed that the GLM, even based only on meteorological parameters, could be satisfactory to estimate the contribution of meteorological conditions in reducing air pollution and, hence, the contribution of control strategies in reducing air pollution. Using the GLM, we found that the meteorological conditions and pollution control strategies contributed 30 and 28 % to the reduction of the PM 2.5 concentration during APEC and 38 and 25 % during the Victory Parade, respectively, based on the assumption that the concentrations of air pollutants are only determined by meteorological conditions and emission intensities. We also estimated the contribution of meteorological conditions and control strategies in reducing the concentrations of gaseous pollutants and PM 2.5 components with the GLMs, revealing the effective control of anthropogenic emissions.

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Section: Quantitative Estimates Of the Contribution Of Meteorologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of meteorological conditions and pollution control strategies in reducing air pollution in Beijing during APEC 2014 and Victory Parade 2015

et al. 2017

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“…The EFs of these elements in both PM 2.5 and TSP in the heating period were higher than those in the non-heating period, indicating these elements could be partially from coal combustion (Takuwa et al, 2006).…”

Section: The Elements In Aerosols and Their Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 85%

A Typical Formation Mechanism of Heavy Haze-Fog Induced by Coal Combustion in an Inland City in North-Western China

Liu

Zhuang

Huang

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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PM 2.5 , TSP, and the pollutant gases over Urumqi, an inland city near the Asian dust source region in north-western China, were measured for an entire year from March, 2008 to February, 2009. The chemical compositions of all these samples with daily visibilities were investigated for the sources and formation mechanisms of aerosol and the relationship of the optical property with various components in aerosols. The sources of the air pollutants that caused severe haze in Urumqi were clarified. It was found that the concentrations of SO 4 2-, Cl -, NH 4 + , and Na + in PM 2.5 in the heating period were more than 9 times of those in the non-heating period. The concentrations of total water soluble inorganic ions (TWSII) in PM 2.5 and TSP in the heating period were 7.5 and 5.5 times of those in the non-heating period. The enrichment factors of the pollution elements, e.g., S, Cd, As, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Na in PM 2.5 in the heating period were 3-13 times of those in the non-heating period. The formation mechanism of the severe haze and the micro-mechanism of the visibility reduction in Urumqi in the heating period, especially in winter, were quantitatively revealed. SNA (the three secondary inorganic ions, SO 4 2-, NO 3 -, and NH 4 + ), organic matter (OM), and chloride (Cl -) in PM 2.5 were the three main components to cause aerosol extinction in Urumqi. The contributions of SNA, OM, and Cl -to aerosol extinction, i.e., to visibility reduction, were 57%, 20%, and 12% during the heating period from October 15 to April 15, and 67%, 17%, and 12% in winter, respectively. It was evident that the major source of the air pollutants that caused severe haze in Urumqi was from coal combustion, for most of these ions and pollution elements in aerosols were emitted from coal burning. The control of the quality and quantity of coal burning is the key to improve the air quality and the atmospheric visibility in Urumqi.

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“…A lot of research has shown that the slagging and fouling on heating surfaces during coal combustion are usually related to alkali metal elements Na and K [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. As shown in Table 4, the ash in the flue gas exhausted from the ferrosilicon electric furnace has high Na and K contents, which leads to easy slagging and fouling.…”

Section: Slagging Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under high temperature conditions, alkali metal gasifies in the form of low melting point salts, such as KCl, NaCl and Na2SO4 [16,24,25]. In addition, there are low melting point composite slats forming in the furnace [14,26,27].…”

Section: Slagging Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slagging and Fouling Characteristics of HRSG for Ferrosilicon Electric Furnaces

Wang

Chen

et al. 2015

Energies

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Abstract:The slagging and fouling characteristics of the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) for ferrosilicon electric furnaces are discussed in this paper. Three ash samples were taken from the HRSG of a ferrosilicon furnace in Ningxia Province, China, which suffered from serious slagging and fouling. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to analyze the ash samples. The results show that low melting point salt Na2SO4 and composite salts Na (AlSi3O8) and 3K2SO4· CaSO4 deposit on the superheater tube walls in aerosol form and solidify to form the initial slag layer. With the continuous deposition of the low melting point compounds, more and more ash particles in the flue gas adhere to the slag surface to form a thicker slag. Low melting point composite salt NaO· Al2O3· SiO2 is absorbed on the evaporator tube walls in aerosol form. With the deposition of NaO· Al2O3· SiO2, more and more ash particles are absorbed to form the fouling. Since there is less space between pin-finned tubes, the large iron-rich slag particles are easily deposited on tube walls and fin surfaces, which is advantageous to the fouling process. There are large quantities of superfine ash particles in the flue gas that easily adhere to other particles or tube walls, which facilitates the slagging and fouling process. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 1102

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Mechanisms of fine particulates formation with alkali metal compounds during coal combustion

Cited by 80 publications

References 44 publications

The role of meteorological conditions and pollution control strategies in reducing air pollution in Beijing during APEC 2014 and Victory Parade 2015

The role of meteorological conditions and pollution control strategies in reducing air pollution in Beijing during APEC 2014 and Victory Parade 2015

A Typical Formation Mechanism of Heavy Haze-Fog Induced by Coal Combustion in an Inland City in North-Western China

Slagging and Fouling Characteristics of HRSG for Ferrosilicon Electric Furnaces

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