Mechanisms of Gravity Perception in Higher Plants

Valster, Aline H.; Blancaflor, Elison B.

doi:10.1002/9780470388297.ch1

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Statocytes contain starch-filled amyloplasts that act as statoliths: they sense the direction of gravity and translocate along the gravity vector (Morita and Tasaka, 2004). Biochemical signals are transmitted to responding tissues where asymmetric cell growth takes place: shoots curve away from the gravity vector and roots grow toward the gravity vector (Kiss, 2000; Valster and Blancaflor, 2007; Gilroy and Masson, 2008). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis Myosins XI1, XI2, and XIK Are Crucial for Gravity-Induced Bending of Inflorescence Stems

et al. 2016

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Myosins and actin filaments in the actomyosin system act in concert in regulating cell structure and dynamics and are also assumed to contribute to plant gravitropic response. To investigate the role of the actomyosin system in the inflorescence stem gravitropism, we used single and multiple mutants affecting each of the 17 Arabidopsis myosins of class VIII and XI. We show that class XI but not class VIII myosins are required for stem gravitropism. Simultaneous loss of function of myosins XI1, XI2, and XIK leads to impaired gravitropic bending that is correlated with altered growth, stiffness, and insufficient sedimentation of gravity sensing amyloplasts in stem endodermal cells. The gravitropic defect of the corresponding triple mutant xi1 xi2 xik could be rescued by stable expression of the functional XIK:YFP in the mutant background, indicating a role of class XI myosins in this process. Altogether, our results emphasize the critical contributions of myosins XI in stem gravitropism of Arabidopsis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis Myosins XI1, XI2, and XIK Are Crucial for Gravity-Induced Bending of Inflorescence Stems

et al. 2016

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“…Protein interactions between amyloplasts and membrane receptors might involve components of the TOC (TRANSLOCON OF OUTER MEMBRANE OF CHLOROPLASTS) complex ( Stanga et al, 2009 ; Strohm et al, 2014 ). Experimental data so far, however, are controversial ( Staves, 1997 ; Staves et al, 1997 ; Braun et al, 2002 ; Hou et al, 2003 , 2004 ; Limbach et al, 2005 ; Valster and Blancaflor, 2008 ).…”

Section: Plant Response To Deviations From the Vertical Positionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bird’s-Eye View of Molecular Changes in Plant Gravitropism Using Omics Techniques

2015

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During evolution, plants have developed mechanisms to adapt to a variety of environmental stresses, including drought, high salinity, changes in carbon dioxide levels and pathogens. Central signaling hubs and pathways that are regulated in response to these stimuli have been identified. In contrast to these well studied environmental stimuli, changes in transcript, protein and metabolite levels in response to a gravitational stimulus are less well understood. Amyloplasts, localized in statocytes of the root tip, in mesophyll cells of coleoptiles and in the elongation zone of the growing internodes comprise statoliths in higher plants. Deviations of the statocytes with respect to the earthly gravity vector lead to a displacement of statoliths relative to the cell due to their inertia and thus to gravity perception. Downstream signaling events, including the conversion from the biophysical signal of sedimentation of distinct heavy mass to a biochemical signal, however, remain elusive. More recently, technical advances, including clinostats, drop towers, parabolic flights, satellites, and the International Space Station, allowed researchers to study the effect of altered gravity conditions -real and simulated micro-as well as hypergravity on plants. This allows for a unique opportunity to study plant responses to a purely anthropogenic stress for which no evolutionary program exists. Furthermore, the requirement for plants as food and oxygen sources during prolonged manned space explorations led to an increased interest in the identification of genes involved in the adaptation of plants to microgravity. Transcriptomic, proteomic, phosphoproteomic, and metabolomic profiling strategies provide a sensitive high-throughput approach to identify biochemical alterations in response to changes with respect to the influence of the gravitational vector and thus the acting gravitational force on the transcript, protein and metabolite level. This review aims at summarizing recent experimental approaches and discusses major observations.

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Mechanisms of Gravity Perception in Higher Plants

Cited by 2 publications

References 73 publications

Arabidopsis Myosins XI1, XI2, and XIK Are Crucial for Gravity-Induced Bending of Inflorescence Stems

Arabidopsis Myosins XI1, XI2, and XIK Are Crucial for Gravity-Induced Bending of Inflorescence Stems

A Bird’s-Eye View of Molecular Changes in Plant Gravitropism Using Omics Techniques

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