Mechanisms of Hypocalcemia in Alcoholic Patients

Elisaf, Moses; Liamis, Georgé; Liberopoulos, Evangelos N.; Siamopoulos, Kostas C.

doi:10.1159/000046120

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…We investigated the frequency of electrolyte disturbances in our patients. Compared with other authors' studies of patients suffering from alcohol abuse [11][12][13][14][15][16][17], prevalences found in our study showed a very different pattern. However, we studied only acutely intoxicated patients and therefore comparison with studies that included alcohol-dependent patients without acute intoxication might be limited.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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Disturbances of electrolytes and blood chemistry in acute alcohol intoxication

Rauchenzauner

Kountchev

Ulmer

et al. 2005

Wien Klin Wochenschr

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Prevalence of electrolyte disturbances and biochemical changes were determined in patients admitted to the emergency room of the Department of Internal Medicine in Innsbruck, Austria during a six-month period. The value of biochemical parameters for the detection of chronic alcohol abuse was also investigated. The most frequent electrolyte disturbances found were hypernatremia (41%), hyperchloremia (21%), hypermagnesemia (17%) and hypocalcemia (15%), whereas hypokalemia and hypophosphatemia were observed quite rarely (5% and 3.4%, respectively). The most frequent biochemical changes observed were consistent with signs of cellular toxicity i.e. increased liver enzymes (elevated gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactic dehydrogenase) as well as signs of pancreatitis (elevated serum lipase and amylase) and muscle damage (elevated creatine kinase). The most frequent changes in blood counts were leucocytosis (23%), thrombocytopenia (14%), and anemia (12%). C-reactive protein showed only minimal elevation. Male sex and level of blood alcohol were detected as major risk factors for the diagnosis of chronic alcohol abuse in the patient sample investigated. When testing the value of routinely measured parameters for predicting the presence of chronic alcohol abuse, GGT and mean corpuscular volume of red blood cells (MCV) appeared to be of equal value. A combination of elevated blood alcohol with an increase in either of these markers may be interpreted as high risk for chronic alcohol abuse in this particular group of patients.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of hyperphosphatemia, the fifth most frequent electrolyte disturbance observed in our study, was comparable with that reported in other studies [14,16]. Metabolic acidosis, especially alcoholic ketoacidosis, presumably plays a pathogenic role in this condition [11,17].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Disturbances of electrolytes and blood chemistry in acute alcohol intoxication

Rauchenzauner

Kountchev

Ulmer

et al. 2005

Wien Klin Wochenschr

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“…95 Hypophospataemia is also common in acute and chronic alcoholism due to a combination of factors: reduced intake (poor diet, anorexia, gastritis, vomiting and diarrhoea), increased loss (induced by alcohol, acidosis and associated magnesium depletion) as well increased cellular uptake (hyperventilation, intravenous glucose and bicarbonate, catecholamine release and anabolic state during recovery). 86 …”

Section: Causes Of Hypophosphataemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphate homeostasis and disorders

2014

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Recent studies of inherited disorders of phosphate metabolism have shed new light on the understanding of phosphate metabolism. Phosphate has important functions in the body and several mechanisms have evolved to regulate phosphate balance including vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and phosphatonins such as fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23). Disorders of phosphate homeostasis leading to hypo-and hyperphosphataemia are common and have clinical and biochemical consequences. Notably, recent studies have linked hyperphosphataemia with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This review outlines the recent advances in the understanding of phosphate homeostasis and describes the causes, investigation and management of hypo-and hyperphosphataemia.

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“…Liamis/Gianoutsos/Elisaf The significant hypophosphatemia observed on the third day of hospitalization could mainly be related to the increased entry of phosphorus into cells because of respiratory alkalosis and the increased levels of catecholamines associated with the acute pancreatitis [10,11]. Additionally, the severe hypomagnesemia may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypophosphatemia, as it has been shown that phosphaturia is common in experimental magnesium depletion and is corrected with magnesium repletion [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%