Mechanisms of immune evasion of monkeypox virus

Zandi, Milad; Shafaati, Maryam; Hosseini, Fatemeh

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1106247

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The mechanisms related to this virus should be known and drugs or vaccines should be designed for it. 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 This study opened a small window to deal with this virus, and we hope that this way will continue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…As a last word, we must say that this dangerous virus will come to human society, and ways to deal with it should be prepared from now. The mechanisms related to this virus should be known and drugs or vaccines should be designed for it 45–50 . This study opened a small window to deal with this virus, and we hope that this way will continue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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The validation of artificial anti‐monkeypox antibodies by in silico and experimental approaches

Shabani

Rashidi

Radgoudarzi

et al. 2023

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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As a result of smallpox immunization programs that ended more than 40 years ago, a significant portion of the world's population is not immune. Moreover, due to the lack of anti‐monkeypox drugs and vaccines against monkeypox, the spread of this virus may be the beginning of another challenge. In this study, novel antibodies against monkeypox virus were modeled based on a heavy chain of human antibody and a small peptide fragment. Docking of modeled antibodies with C19L protein showed the range of docking energy, and root‐mean‐square deviation (RMSD) was from −124 to −154 kcal/mL and 4–6 angstrom, respectively. Also, docking of modeled antibodies‐C19L complex with gamma Fc receptor type I illustrated the range of docking energy, and RMSD was from −132 to −155 kcal/ml and 5–7 angstrom, respectively. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulation showed that antibody 62 had the highest stability with the lowest energy level and RMSD. Interestingly, no modeled antibodies had immunogenicity, allergenicity, and toxicity. Although all of them had good stability, only antibodies 25, 28, 54, and 62 had a half‐life of >10 h. Moreover, the interaction between C19L protein and anti‐C19L antibodies (wild‐type and synthetic) was evaluated by the SPR method. We found that K D in synthetic antibodies was lower than wild antibody. In terms of δH°, TδS°, and δG°, the results were consistent with binding parameters. Here, the lowest value of thermodynamic parameters was obtained for antibody 62. These data show that the synthetic antibodies, especially antibody 62, had a higher affinity than the wild‐type antibody.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The validation of artificial anti‐monkeypox antibodies by in silico and experimental approaches

Shabani

Rashidi

Radgoudarzi

et al. 2023

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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“…The mechanisms behind this high virulence reside in a suppression of the inflammatory cytokine production in human cells. This phenomenon is caused by preventing T-cell activation ( Zandi et al, 2023a ) and by hindering apoptosis processes in the infected host ( Wilson et al, 2014 ). Moreover, the West African strain presents a lack of complement enzyme‘s inhibition.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of the Monkeypox Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox: a global health emergency

et al. 2023

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Over the past 2 years, the world has faced the impactful Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with a visible shift in economy, medicine, and beyond. As of recent times, the emergence of the monkeypox (mpox) virus infections and the growing number of infected cases have raised panic and fear among people, not only due to its resemblance to the now eradicated smallpox virus, but also because another potential pandemic could have catastrophic consequences, globally. However, studies of the smallpox virus performed in the past and wisdom gained from the COVID-19 pandemic are the two most helpful tools for humanity that can prevent major outbreaks of the mpox virus, thus warding off another pandemic. Because smallpox and mpox are part of the same virus genus, the Orthopoxvirus genus, the structure and pathogenesis, as well as the transmission of both these two viruses are highly similar. Because of these similarities, antivirals and vaccines approved and licensed in the past for the smallpox virus are effective and could successfully treat and prevent an mpox virus infection. This review discusses the main components that outline this current global health issue raised by the mpox virus, by presenting it as a whole, and integrating aspects such as its structure, pathogenesis, clinical aspects, prevention, and treatment options, and how this ongoing phenomenon is being globally approached.

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“…One of the main reasons for the recent mpox multi-country outbreaks is the cessation of smallpox vaccination in 1980 which seems reasonable as most of the current mpox cases are detected in smallpox-unvaccinated people (Papukashvili et al, 2022b). Although the smallpox vaccine which is based on the vaccinia virus, another representative of Orthopoxvirus, is effective against the mpox virus (Zandi et al, 2023), there is no specific mpox vaccine available till now. The modified vaccinia virus Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN), also known as Imvamune, Jynneos, or Imvanex, is a third-generation authorized smallpox vaccine and is also used as the mpox vaccine (Zaeck et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, evaluation, and immune simulation of potentially universal multi-epitope mpox vaccine candidate: focus on DNA vaccine

et al. 2023

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Monkeypox (mpox) is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the mpox virus. Mpox symptoms are similar to smallpox with less severity and lower mortality. As yet mpox virus is not characterized by as high transmissibility as some severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, still, it is spreading, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM). Thus, taking preventive measures, such as vaccination, is highly recommended. While the smallpox vaccine has demonstrated considerable efficacy against the mpox virus due to the antigenic similarities, the development of a universal anti-mpox vaccine remains a necessary pursuit. Recently, nucleic acid vaccines have garnered special attention owing to their numerous advantages compared to traditional vaccines. Importantly, DNA vaccines have certain advantages over mRNA vaccines. In this study, a potentially universal DNA vaccine candidate against mpox based on conserved epitopes was designed and its efficacy was evaluated via an immunoinformatics approach. The vaccine candidate demonstrated potent humoral and cellular immune responses in silico, indicating the potential efficacy in vivo and the need for further research.

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Mechanisms of immune evasion of monkeypox virus

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

The validation of artificial anti‐monkeypox antibodies by in silico and experimental approaches

The validation of artificial anti‐monkeypox antibodies by in silico and experimental approaches

Monkeypox: a global health emergency

Design, evaluation, and immune simulation of potentially universal multi-epitope mpox vaccine candidate: focus on DNA vaccine

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