Mechanisms of Immunosuppressive Drugs

Weltz, Adam S.; Scalea, Joseph R.; Popescu, Mihaela; Xu, Jiangnan; Bromberg, Jonathan S.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0342-9_12

Cited by 4 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…3,21 Although mTOR predominantly targets Tcells, it can also affect B cells. 3 Interestingly, mTOR can increase production of certain inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 and decrease production of interleukin 10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. 3 There are two main mTOR inhibitors: sirolimus and everolimus.…”

Section: Mtor Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 There are two main mTOR inhibitors: sirolimus and everolimus. 3,21 In general, mTOR inhibitors have a variety of applications including cancer therapy and after transplants. 3,21 Everolimus inhibits the proliferation of fibroblasts in in vitro models, 52 suggesting that it could have negative consequences for wound healing because fibroblasts are essential for creating an extracellular matrix and scaffolding other cells.…”

Section: Mtor Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining the Association between Immunosuppressants and Wound Healing: A Narrative Review

Appoo,

Christensen,

Somayaji

2024

Adv Skin Wound Care

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Objective To review how different classes of immunosuppressants affect wound healing. Data Sources A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and the University of Calgary Health Sciences Library. Study Selection The researchers initially screened article titles using key words such as “immunosuppressive medication,” “wound healing,” and “immunosuppression.” Articles in which the title and/or abstract contained these key words, that addressed wound healing related to immunosuppressant medications, and were published after 2000 were included in the review. When human data were not available for an immunosuppressant (class), animal studies were included. Data Extraction The 61 included articles underwent full text review and summarization. Data Synthesis All included studies were summarized descriptively including immunosuppressive mechanism of action, study participants or subjects, and evidence of effects on wound healing. Conclusions Corticosteroids and mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitors most consistently demonstrate detrimental effects on wound healing. For other classes of immunosuppressants, evidence is limited with varying effects on wound healing described. Larger, high-quality studies are required to better understand the effects of immunosuppressants, including those with new mechanisms of action, to identify those with the most impact on wound healing.

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Section: Mtor Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mtor Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Association between Immunosuppressants and Wound Healing: A Narrative Review

Appoo,

Christensen,

Somayaji

2024

Adv Skin Wound Care

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“…CYA targets cyclophilin A in T-cells, whereas TACRO targets FK-binding proteins, particularly FKBP12 [3]. These drugs suppress T-cell proliferation and differentiation [4].…”

Section: Targeting T Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glucocorticosteroids (GC), namely oral prednisolone or in acute life-threatening situations intravenous methylprednisolone, are the most frequently used immunosuppressants, particularly during the acute phase of autoimmune diseases. They have broad immunosuppressive properties through binding to glucocorticoid receptors that translocate to the nucleus and suppress transcription factors (such as NF-κB and activator protein-1) involved in expression of inflammatory cytokines [4]. Downstream events include T-cell suppression caused by inhibition of IL-2 and Th1 differentiation and induction of apoptosis, and antigen-presenting cell and macrophage dysfunction caused by IL-1 and TNFα inhibition [5].…”

Section: Targeting Multiple Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Active drug metabolites inhibit Rac-1 activities by binding GTPases, which then leads to mitochondrial-driven T-cell apoptosis. 6-thio-GTP also triggers T-lymphocytes apoptosis by inhibiting CD28, a co-stimulatory signal that is required for T-cell activation [4,10]. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) inhibits purine metabolism and blocks inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) and thus DNA replication [4].…”

Section: Targeting Multiple Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immune Response and Safety of Viral Vaccines in Children with Autoimmune Diseases on Immune Modulatory Drug Therapy

Tse

Borrow

Arkwright

2020

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Introduction: Children with autoimmune diseases often require treatment with systemic immunosuppressives. Efficacy and safety of vaccination, particularly live-attenuated viral vaccines in these patients remain a concern. Areas covered: To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of viral vaccines in children and young people treated with systemic immunosuppressive drugs for autoimmune diseases. A systemic literature review was performed using Pubmed including English papers in subjects less than 21 years old. Viral vaccines were generally immunogenic and safe in children receiving immunosuppressive drugs, including biologics. Use of low-dose prednisolone or diseasemodifying antirheumatic drugs did not significantly impact on vaccine immunogenicity, although there was anecdotal evidence of reduced immunogenicity in patients receiving high-dose prednisolone/methylprednisolone and pulse cyclophosphamide. Patients on biologics mounted adequate seroprotective responses, but antibody titers tended to be lower. Both live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines were well tolerated with no serious adverse events. Autoimmune disease activity was not adversely affected by vaccination. Expert opinion: Current evidence indicates that administration of viral vaccines to children with autoimmune diseases receiving most systemic immunosuppressive drugs is immunogenic and safe. MMR can safely be given to most patients receiving biologics, but patients on high-dose prednisolone and pulse cyclophosphamide should avoid MMR and other live viral vaccines.

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Optical Monitoring of Therapeutic Drugs with a Novel Fluorescence- Based POCT Device

Berrettoni

Berneschi

Bernini

et al. 2014

Procedia Engineering

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Mechanisms of Immunosuppressive Drugs

Cited by 4 publications

References 161 publications

Examining the Association between Immunosuppressants and Wound Healing: A Narrative Review

Examining the Association between Immunosuppressants and Wound Healing: A Narrative Review

Immune Response and Safety of Viral Vaccines in Children with Autoimmune Diseases on Immune Modulatory Drug Therapy

Optical Monitoring of Therapeutic Drugs with a Novel Fluorescence- Based POCT Device

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