Mechanisms of impulsive choice: Experiments to explore and models to map the empirical terrain

Smith, Travis R.; Southern, Robert; Kirkpatrick, Kimberly

doi:10.3758/s13420-023-00577-1

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 228 publications

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“…It is unlikely that rodents decide based on rather than imagined and discounted future reward, raising questions about whether the rodent tasks measure the same constructs as human tasks (Hayden, 2016 ). The responses of rodents (and possibly humans) may, for example, indicate the effect of conditioned reinforcers established during past experiences of delayed outcomes (Killeen, 2011 ; Smith, Southern, & Kirkpatrick, 2023 ). Humans and rodents show similarly shaped discounting curves, but the discounting rate in humans is several orders of magnitude slower (months) than that measured in animals (seconds) (Hayden, 2016 ).…”

Section: Translation From Rodent Model To Human Personality and Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using rodent data to elucidate dopaminergic mechanisms of ADHD: Implications for human personality

Tripp,

Wickens

2024

Personality Neuroscience

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An altered behavioral response to positive reinforcement has been proposed to be a core deficit in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), a congenic animal strain, displays a similarly altered response to reinforcement. The presence of this genetically determined phenotype in a rodent model allows experimental investigation of underlying neural mechanisms. Behaviorally, the SHR displays increased preference for immediate reinforcement, increased sensitivity to individual instances of reinforcement relative to integrated reinforcement history, and a steeper delay of reinforcement gradient compared to other rat strains. The SHR also shows less development of incentive to approach sensory stimuli, or cues, that predict reward after repeated cue-reward pairing. We consider the underlying neural mechanisms for these characteristics. It is well known that midbrain dopamine neurons are initially activated by unexpected reward and gradually transfer their responses to reward-predicting cues. This finding has inspired the dopamine transfer deficit (DTD) hypothesis, which predicts certain behavioral effects that would arise from a deficient transfer of dopamine responses from actual rewards to reward-predicting cues. We argue that the DTD predicts the altered responses to reinforcement seen in the SHR and individuals with ADHD. These altered responses to reinforcement in turn predict core symptoms of ADHD. We also suggest that variations in the degree of dopamine transfer may underlie variations in personality dimensions related to altered reinforcement sensitivity. In doing so, we highlight the value of rodent models to the study of human personality.

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Section: Translation From Rodent Model To Human Personality and Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using rodent data to elucidate dopaminergic mechanisms of ADHD: Implications for human personality

Tripp,

Wickens

2024

Personality Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Active and passive waiting in impulsive choice: Effects of fixed-interval and fixed-time delays

Smith,

Fitch,

Deavours

et al. 2024

Learn Behav

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Mechanisms of impulsive choice: Experiments to explore and models to map the empirical terrain

Cited by 2 publications

References 228 publications

Using rodent data to elucidate dopaminergic mechanisms of ADHD: Implications for human personality

Using rodent data to elucidate dopaminergic mechanisms of ADHD: Implications for human personality

Active and passive waiting in impulsive choice: Effects of fixed-interval and fixed-time delays

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