Mechanisms of Kidney Cell Pyroptosis in Chronic Kidney Disease and the Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health issue that is highly prevalent worldwide. Pyroptosis is an important pathological mechanism underlying kidney cell damage in CKD and is associated with the classic caspase-1-mediated pathway and nonclassic caspase-4/5/11-mediated pathway. The NLRP3-caspase-1-GSDMD signaling pathway is the key mechanism of kidney cell pyroptosis in CKD, and noncoding RNAs such as lncRNAs and miRNAs are important regulators of kidney cell pyroptosis in CKD. In addition, the NLRP1/AIM2-caspase-1-GSDMD and caspase-3-GSDME signaling pathways have also been shown to mediate kidney cell pyroptosis. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and extracts can interfere with the occurrence and development of kidney cell pyroptosis in CKD by inhibiting the NLRP3 signaling pathway and oxidative stress, activating Nrf-2 signaling, protecting mitochondrial integrity, regulating AMPK signaling, and regulating TXNIP/NLRP3 axis, which have become increasingly prominent. It is critical to explore the effects of TCM on kidney cell pyroptosis in CKD and its mechanisms to identify targets and develop new and effective drugs.

Antidepressant Potential of Quercetin and its Glycoside Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review and Update

“…Quercetin (C5H10O7; Figure 1), a flavonol widely present in nature in the form of glucosides (Ulusoy and Sanlier, 2020), is one of the main components of different TCM, including Radix Bupleuri, Mulberry leaves, Sophorae Fructus, Inulae Flos, and Crataegi Fructus (Ding et al, 2021a;Shi et al, 2021;Tu et al, 2022). Many studies have demonstrated that quercetin has a wide range of pharmacological effects such as anti-cancer, antibacterial, anti-oxidation, and memory impairment improvement (Horowitz and Zunszain, 2015;Suganthy et al, 2016;Babaei et al, 2018a;Kashyap et al, 2019).…”

Network Pharmacology and In Vivo Experimental Validation to Uncover the Renoprotective Mechanisms of Fangji Huangqi Decoction on Nephrotic Syndrome

“…Therefore, more effective NS treatment drugs and strategies still need to be further investigated. In recent years, TCMs are increasingly becoming the promising therapeutic drugs for kidney diseases for their low side effects and commendable pharmacological activities [ 33 ]. FHD is a classical TCMs firstly recorded in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber and widely used in the treatment of edema and dysuria [ 4 ].…”

Pyroptosis and degenerative diseases of the elderly

“…Pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs) damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and altered homeostatic processes (HAMPs) stimulate the oligomerization and activation of PRRs, ASCs, and inflammatory caspases to assemble into inflammasomes [ 14 ]. Canonical inflammasomes assembled by NLRP1 [ 15 ], NLRP3 [ 16 ], NLRC4 [ 17 , 18 ], AIM2 [ 19 ], pyrin [ 20 , 21 ], and other proteins mediate the classical pyroptotic pathway. Other PRRs, including NLRP6 [ 22 ], NLRP7 [ 23 ], NLRP9b [ 24 ], NLRP12 [ 25 ], and IFI16 [ 26 ] can also assemble pro-pyroptotic inflammasomes.…”