Mechanisms of larynx and vocal fold development and pathogenesis

Abstract

The larynx and vocal folds sit at the crossroad between digestive and respiratory tracts and fulfill multiple functions related to breathing, protection and phonation. They develop at the head and trunk interface through a sequence of morphogenetic events that require precise temporo-spatial coordination. We are beginning to understand some of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie critical processes such as specification of the laryngeal field, epithelial lamina formation and recanalization as well as the development and differentiation of mesenchymal cell populations. Nevertheless, many gaps remain in our knowledge, the filling of which is essential for understanding congenital laryngeal disorders and the evaluation and treatment approaches in human patients. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the laryngeal embryogenesis. Proposed genes and signaling pathways that are critical for the laryngeal development have a potential to be harnessed in the field of regenerative medicine.

Analysis of vibratory mode changes in symmetric and asymmetric activation of the canine larynx

“…Various works have been published investigating every aspect of voice research; ranging from simulation of fluid mechanics and vibration in the context of voice analysis [ 1 – 3 ] to analyzing development, structure and composition of the larynx, the vocal folds and other parts of the voice apparatus [ 4 – 6 ]. However, there are still topics remaining that have not received as much attention, one of these topics being phonatory stability and spontaneous mode changes.…”

Expanded Basal Compartment and Disrupted Barrier in Vocal Fold Epithelium Infected with Mouse Papillomavirus MmuPV1

“…Murine laryngeal anatomy and physiology are grossly similar to those of humans but differ in several ways [ 41 ]. Mice and other rodents have a unique tissue fold called the ventral pouch, laryngeal pouch, or laryngeal sac in the ventral aspect of the larynx, superior to the vocal folds [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. All evidence suggests that mouse vocalizations in the range of human hearing are produced using vocal fold vibration [ 48 , 49 , 50 ].…”

Transcriptome Dynamics in the Developing Larynx, Trachea, and Esophagus

“…(B) PCA analysis demonstrates 2D representation of whole-tissue transcriptome principal components at E10.5, E11.5, E13.5, E15.5, and E18.5 across embryonic development of the Lr, larynx; Es, esophagus; Tr, trachea; (C) Heatmap of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (n = 3,472) constructed from normalized expected counts across embryonic development of the primitive laryngopharynx (LPh), larynx (Lr), esophagus (Es), and trachea (Tr) at E10.5, E11.5, E13.5, E15.5, and E18.5 with expression measures averaged across replicates within each tissue/age combination and then converted within each gene into a z-score for improved visual comparison. and Thibeault, 2020;Teramoto et al, 2020). Identifying genes with correlated expression within each organ through development from a shared origin can shed more light on their possible functions, as genes with similar expression patterns may be functionally related (Zhang and Horvath, 2005;Farhadian et al, 2021).…”