Mechanisms of LDL Oxidation

McCall, Mark R.; Frei, Balz

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4649-8_5

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…The harsh MCO conditions were chosen because in the presence of copper ions, H 2 O 2 can be decomposed into highly reactive hydroxyl radicals. 39 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…39–41 This is partly because significantly greater concentrations of free metals and H 2 O 2 are used in the in vitro model than what is typically found in vivo . Alternatively, the contributions of peroxynitrite (ONOO − ) to oxidative stress in vivo are known to be more significant, because of their high reactivity, and capability of diffusing across lipid bilayers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The harsh MCO conditions were chosen because in the presence of copper ions, H 2 O 2 can be decomposed into highly reactive hydroxyl radicals. 39 While the MCO system has been widely employed to mimic oxidative stress in vitro, evidence for its physiological relevance in vivo remain controversial in spite of the availability of plausible mechanisms. 39−41 This is partly because significantly greater concentrations of free metals and H 2 O 2 are used in the in vitro model than what is typically found in vivo.…”

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was supported by GPC measurements that suggested that the PEG-P n -PEG cross-linkers retained intact PEG structure under MCO conditions (Figure ). The harsh MCO conditions were chosen because in the presence of copper ions, H 2 O 2 can be decomposed into highly reactive hydroxyl radicals …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the MCO system has been widely employed to mimic oxidative stress in vitro, evidence for its physiological relevance in vivo remain controversial in spite of the availability of plausible mechanisms. − This is partly because significantly greater concentrations of free metals and H 2 O 2 are used in the in vitro model than what is typically found in vivo. Alternatively, the contributions of peroxynitrite (ONOO – ) to oxidative stress in vivo are known to be more significant, because of their high reactivity and capability of diffusing across lipid bilayers .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiologically Relevant Oxidative Degradation of Oligo(proline) Cross-Linked Polymeric Scaffolds

et al. 2011

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Chronic inflammation-mediated oxidative stress is a common mechanism of implant rejection and failure. Therefore, polymer scaffolds that can degrade slowly in response to this environment may provide a viable platform for implant site-specific, sustained release of immunomodulatory agents over a long time period. In this work, proline oligomers of varying lengths (Pn) were synthesized and exposed to oxidative environments, and their accelerated degradation under oxidative conditions was verified via high performance liquid chromatography and gel permeation chromatography. Next, diblock copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) were carboxylated to form 100 kDa terpolymers of 4%PEG-86%PCL-10%cPCL (cPCL = poly(carboxyl-ε-caprolactone); i% indicates molar ratio). The polymers were then crosslinked with bi-aminated PEG-Pn-PEG chains—where Pn indicates the length of the proline oligomer flanked by PEG chains. Salt-leaching of the polymeric matrices created scaffolds of macroporous and microporous architecture as observed by scanning electron microscopy. The degradation of scaffolds was accelerated under oxidative conditions, as evidenced by mass loss and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Immortalized murine bone marrow-derived macrophages were then seeded on the scaffolds, and activated through the addition of γ-interferon and lipopolysaccharide throughout the 9-day study period. This treatment promoted the release of H2O2 by the macrophages, and the degradation of proline-containing scaffolds compared to the control scaffolds. The accelerated degradation was evidenced by increased scaffold porosity, as visualized through scanning electron microscoopy and X-ray microtomography imaging. The current study provides insight into the development of scaffolds that respond to oxidative environments through gradual degradation, for the controlled release of therapeutics targeted to diseases that feature chronic inflammation and oxidative stress.

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“…The harsh MCO conditions were chosen because in the presence of copper ions, H 2 O 2 can be decomposed into highly reactive hydroxyl radicals. 39 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiologically Relevant Oxidative Degradation of Oligo(proline) Cross-Linked Polymeric Scaffolds

et al. 2011

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Oxidative degradation of sequence-defined peptoid oligomers

Schunk

Austin

Taha

et al. 2023

Mol. Syst. Des. Eng.

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Toward a new recommended dietary allowance for vitamin C based on antioxidant and health effects in humans

Carr

Frei

1999

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

767

490

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The current recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for vitamin C for adult nonsmoking men and women is 60 mg/d, which is based on a mean requirement of 46 mg/d to prevent the deficiency disease scurvy. However, recent scientific evidence indicates that an increased intake of vitamin C is associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and cataract, probably through antioxidant mechanisms. It is likely that the amount of vitamin C required to prevent scurvy is not sufficient to optimally protect against these diseases. Because the RDA is defined as "the average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all healthy individuals in a group," it is appropriate to reevaluate the RDA for vitamin C. Therefore, we reviewed the biochemical, clinical, and epidemiologic evidence to date for a role of vitamin C in chronic disease prevention. The totality of the reviewed data suggests that an intake of 90-100 mg vitamin C/d is required for optimum reduction of chronic disease risk in nonsmoking men and women. This amount is about twice the amount on which the current RDA for vitamin C is based, suggesting a new RDA of 120 mg vitamin C/d.

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Mechanisms of LDL Oxidation

Cited by 3 publications

References 132 publications

Physiologically Relevant Oxidative Degradation of Oligo(proline) Cross-Linked Polymeric Scaffolds

Physiologically Relevant Oxidative Degradation of Oligo(proline) Cross-Linked Polymeric Scaffolds

Oxidative degradation of sequence-defined peptoid oligomers

Toward a new recommended dietary allowance for vitamin C based on antioxidant and health effects in humans

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